Sentences with phrase «of synaptic function»

For example, KBs were recently reported to act as neuroprotective agents by raising ATP levels and reducing the production of reactive oxygen species in neurological tissues, 80 together with increased mitochondrial biogenesis, which may help to enhance the regulation of synaptic function.80 Moreover, the increased synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids stimulated by a KD may have a role in the regulation of neuronal membrane excitability: it has been demonstrated, for example, that polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate the excitability of neurons by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels.81 Another possibility is that by reducing glucose metabolism, ketogenic diets may activate anticonvulsant mechanisms, as has been reported in a rat model.82 In addition, caloric restriction per se has been suggested to exert neuroprotective effects, including improved mitochondrial function, decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis, and inhibition of proinflammatory mediators, such as the cytokines tumour necrosis factor - α and interleukins.83 Although promising data have been collected (see below), at the present time the real clinical benefits of ketogenic diets in most neurological diseases remain largely speculative and uncertain, with the significant exception of its use in the treatment of convulsion diseases.

We will examine whether astrocytes play a role in loss of synaptic function as well as identifying the astrocyte - derived molecules that may regulate this process.

In the nervous system, protein phosphorylation is an essential feature of synaptic function.

Homeostatic control of synaptic function has been demonstrated in diverse organisms, including flies, rodents, and humans, yet the genes and molecular mechanisms governing these processes remain unclear.

In summary, we believe that this is a groundbreaking study that opens new lines of inquiry which will increase understanding of the molecular details of synaptic function in health and disease.»

Dr. Mentis» publication highlights the importance of the role of synaptic functions and neurocircuits in SMA.

Not exact matches

Cognitive computing researchers at IBM are developing a new generation of «neuro - synaptic» computer chips inspired by the organization and function of the brain.

Shatz hypothesized that MHCI molecules might function as a kind of «synaptic glue,» stabilizing contacts between neurons once appropriate connections had been established.

«This study provides the first synaptic mechanisms to explain the multiple functions of ACC neurons in pathological conditions such as chronic pain» says Dr. Zhuo.

These genes are believed to be essential for the normal function of nerve cells, and previous studies have linked these mutations to problems with synaptic function — how neurons communicate with each other.

He and his team have now gathered that data by exploring the impact of long - term BACE1 inhibition on dendritic spine dynamics, synaptic functions, and cognitive performance in adult mice.

Then, the research group examined the molecular mechanism behind the impaired synaptic functions and behaviors in ARHGAP33 KO mice and found that ARHGAP33 is localized to the Golgi apparatus to regulate intracellular protein trafficking of the Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor, a neurotrophin receptor, to synaptic sites.

The induction of synapses required signaling through GABAA receptors and voltage-gated calcium channels and the newly formed synaptic structures rapidly gain functions.

In this publication, under the title of «Membrane - Derived Phospholipids Control Synaptic Neurotransmission and Plasticity», the Cadiz scientists have reflected the work of years that has led them to identify a molecule, Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), as a possible element implicated in the link between the metabolic state of an organism and its cerebral function.

The research group showed that a molecule, ARHGAP33 regulates synaptic functions and behaviors via intracellular protein trafficking and that the lack of ARHGAP33 causes neuropsychiatric disorder - related impaired higher brain functions.

In ARHGAP33 KO mice, TrkB is not sufficiently transported to synaptic sites due to the lack of ARHGAP33, which eventually leads to impaired synaptic functions and behaviors.

In nerve cells, ribosomes are also found close to the synapses of the dendrites, thus enabling proteins that are required for synaptic function to be produced close to their sites of action.

Maternal alcohol consumption prior to and during pregnancy significantly affects cognitive functions in offspring, which may be related to changes in cyclin - dependent kinase 5 because it is associated with modulation of synaptic plasticity and impaired learning and memory.

This regulation is spectacularly apparent in the exquisite speed and precision of synaptic exocytosis, where synaptotagmin (the calcium - ion sensor for fusion) cooperates with complexin (the clamp activator) to control the precisely timed release of neurotransmitters that initiates synaptic transmission and underlies brain function.

The structure of synaptophysin suggests that the protein may function as a channel in the synaptic vesicle membrane, with the carboxyl terminus serving as a binding site for cellular factors.

«The appropriate balance of synapses strengthening and weakening, collectively termed synaptic plasticity, is critical for appropriate brain function.

Over-activation of the D2 class of dopamine receptors led to suppression of the function of NMDA receptors, which are activated by the neurotransmitter glutamate, at the synaptic connection between hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.

However, later in life, the truncated version of Shank3 interfered with synaptic functions and connections in the brain's cortex, where executive functions such as thought and planning occur.

Moreover, this restoration also improved the model mice's synaptic function, diminished cognitive abnormalities, and normalized the structure of dendrites.

Other researchers have shown that caspase - 2 also contributes to the maintenance of normal synaptic functions.

«If you inhibit [endocytosis in the nerve terminal], then the vesicle recycling becomes slower and the supply of the vesicles is inhibited,» OIST Professor Tomoyuki Takahashi from the Cellular and Molecular Synaptic Function Unit explains.

A Gain - of - Function Mutation in the α9 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Alters Medial Olivocochlear Efferent Short - Term Synaptic Plasticity

Closer inspection of neuronal activity did reveal that reducing BACE1 activity did not completely restore synaptic functions and the researchers do suggest that caution is still warranted as the enzyme does seem to be fundamental for optimal cognitive function.

This damages nerve cells by blocking their ability to make the proteins needed for synaptic function and leads to the death of neurons in the brain and spinal cord.

We will explore the function of these genes in controlling synaptic homeostasis, develop novel imaging approaches to visualize homeostatic changes in real time, and systematically screen genes implicated in aging and longevity for roles in homeostatic plasticity.

Increasing evidence suggests that the synaptic functions of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), that is key to Alzheimer (AD) pathogenesis, may be carried out by its secreted ectodomain.

Human ApoE ɛ2 Promotes Regulatory Mechanisms of Bioenergetic and Synaptic Function in Female Brain: A Focus on V - type H + - ATPase.

We found that an unusually high number of genes affected by these DNA deletions / duplications are associated with the functioning of synaptic transmission between nerve cells.

He joined the Polleux lab in 2017 where he studies how the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria networks regulate spatiotemporal dynamics of dendritic calcium in the context of synaptic integration, plasticity, circuit function and behavior.

Based on evidence from electrophysiological studies showing that both synaptic plasticity and strength of inputs to hippocampal region CA1 vary systematically with ongoing theta oscillations (Hyman et al., 2003; Brankack et al., 1993), it has been suggested that the theta rhythm functions to separate periods of encoding of current sensory stimuli and retrieval of episodic memory cued by current stimuli so as to avoid interference that would occur if encoding and retrieval were simultaneous.

In order to analyze the function of individual proteins in neuronal circuits or synaptic remodeling, researchers combine the Cre and FLP recombinases to control both knockout of a target gene and expression of a separate gene.

He joined the Polleux lab in 2014 and studies the role of SRGAP2 in the evolution of human synaptic structure and function.

Published on April 20 in the journal Molecular Psychiatry, this work reveals that the loss of function of this gene involved in intellectual disability and autism, leads to synaptic dysfunction.

Over-expression of stargazin leads to increases of extra-synaptic AMPA receptors whilst over-expression of PSD95 leads to increased recruitment of synaptic receptors, but in neither case is synaptic function altered (Schnell et al 2002).

[55] More recent work showed, that DBS upregulates genes involved in synaptic function, cell survival, and neurogenesis [56], making some first steps at explaining the restoration of hippocampal circuit function.

A role of glutamine has been defined for normal synaptic function (J Neurochem 2008) as well as dendritic retrograde signaling (Cereb Cortex 2009c), and a potential target uncovered in Alzheimer's disease (Neurochem Res 2008).

We employ genetic tools in an attempt to understand the contribution of mGluR5 signaling in specific neuronal populations to sensory circuit formation, synaptic function / plasticity, and behavior.

Wei - Chi She, Charles Quairiaux, Michael J. Albright, Yu - Chi Wang, Denisse E. Sanchez, Poh - Shing Chang, Egbert Welker, Hui - Chen Lu (2009) «Roles of mGluR5 in synaptic function and plasticity of the mouse thalamocortical pathway», European J. Neuroscience, 29: 1379 — 1396 (EJN featured article).

NMDA - Rs are expressed in both neurons and glia (Conti et al., 1997; Verkhratsky and Kirchhoff, 2007), and selective genetic access to these cell classes in the brain could allow for dissection of their relative role in synaptic function.

Those identified already have been implicated in a variety of functions, including development of the brain's language circuits, neuronal development, signaling, wiring, and synaptic plasticity.

«We hope to gain a comprehensive understanding of the connectivity and synaptic plasticity mechanisms underlying higher brain functions,» says neuroscientist Kyungjin Kim, president of the Korea Brain Research Institute.

''... we hypothesize that repeated stress - related allostatic overload may affect brain function at three basic levels: (a) at the cellular level, it may compromise proteostasis (e.g. tau protein), organelles homeostasis, and induce epigenetic changes in neuronal DNA; (b) at the tissue level it may affect intracellular communication (synaptic contacts), number of cells (reduction of neuronal density), composition of the extracellular matrix (accumulation of amyloid plaques), and neuroinflammation; (c) at the systemic levels it may alter the brain's regulation of behavior (cognitive decline).

The brains of the DHA - deprived rats showed a decline in synaptic function, poor communication between neurons, and worsened memory.

In low magnesium states, high levels of calcium and glutamate may deregulate synaptic function, resulting in depression [9].

I should have used that graph in the post about base periods, but never mind; in Bob» scenario CO2 levels are a function of ENSO driven SST levels and AGW is just a synaptic spasm in Hansen's fevered brow.