Most agriculture relies upon energy subsidies for transporting crops to market, running farm equipment, and the production
of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer, herbicides and pesticides.
Large amounts
of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer are applied around the world to ensure high plant productivity.
In 2010, one of its properties, Fern Road Farm, avoided using about 19,600 pounds
of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers and 595 pounds of pesticides — while boosting revenue some 40 percent.
Conventional stockless arable farms depend on the input
of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, while stockpiled manure and slurry on livestock farms create additional emissions and other environmen - tal problems.
Oil is either there or it isn't — while corn production is built on a tripod of water and weather; resistance to plant disease, blight, and pests; and the availability
of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers.
Not exact matches
Harmful algal blooms are increasingly appearing due to the exposure
of particular algae to the
nitrogen in
synthetic fertilizers, which enters waterways via farm runoff.
The invention
of synthetic fertilizer, where
nitrogen is taken from an inert chemical form in the air and turned into ammonia, has had a profound effect on
nitrogen cycling.
He cites three common ways for producers to introduce
nitrogen into soil:
synthetic fertilizer; manure or other organic amendments; and through cultivation
of nitrogen fixing pulse crops.
Synthetic fertilizer is available as a variety
of commercial products, with different
nitrogen - release times, whereas manure and pulse crops need to be broken down by microbial decomposition before
nitrogen becomes available.
Global agricultural emissions
of the gas have increased by 20 per cent in the last century as a result
of widespread use
of nitrogen - based
synthetic fertilizers.
In fact, had scientists not created
synthetic, mostly natural - gas - based
fertilizer decades ago to improve nature's method
of «fixing»
nitrogen — a process
of breaking
nitrogen molecules apart to make them available to plants — neither you nor I, nor most
of the 7 billion people crowding the planet, would be here today.
There is also pollution — the soup
of toxic chemicals we live in, the fact that we have distorted the
nitrogen cycle with our wasteful overuse
of synthetic fertilizers.
Thirty years after
synthetic nitrogen (N)
fertilizer had been applied to crops in 1982, about 15 per cent
of the
fertilizer N still remained in soil organic matter, the scientists found.
For example, with
nitrogen, where the majority
of human emissions come from
synthetic fertilizers, the real - world challenge is to apply just the right amount
of nitrogen to optimize crop yields while minimizing
nitrogen losses that harm aquatic ecosystems.
95 The case for crop - based biofuels was further undermined when a team led by Paul Crutzen, a Nobel Prize — winning chemist at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Germany, concluded that emissions
of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas, from the
synthetic nitrogen fertilizer used to grow crops such as corn and rapeseed for biofuel production can negate any net reductions
of CO2 emissions from replacing fossil fuels with biofuels, thus making biofuels a threat to climate stability.
The United States Department
of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits
synthetic nitrogen fertilizer in organic production and encourages natural compost.
The government regulations on the total maximum daily load (tmdl)
of synthetic nitrogen, or phosphorous
fertilizer coming off
of farms were established under the Clean Water Act.
Unfortunately, the EPA estimate
of 18 % still doesn't include a large portion
of the fuel, the
synthetic nitrogen fertilizer, some
of the nitrous oxide, all
of the CFCs and bromines, and most
of the transport emissions.
However, the number is probably closer to 25 - 30 % as they failed to include the «manufacture and use
of pesticides and
fertilizers, fuel and oil for tractors, equipment, trucking and shipping, electricity for lighting, cooling, and heating, and emissions
of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and other green house gases» and «still doesn't include a large portion
of the fuel, the
synthetic nitrogen fertilizer, some
of the nitrous oxide, all
of the CFCs and bromines, and most
of the transport» and methane emissions.