This is especially important because it eliminates many sources
of systematic uncertainty.»
This study examines planet occurrence rates for the Kepler GK dwarf target sample for planet radii, 0.75 < Rp < 2.5 Rearth, and orbital periods, 50 < Porb < 300 days, with an emphasis on a thorough exploration and identification of the most important sources
of systematic uncertainties.
The new 17 - author paper (accessible pdf)(lead by Ben Santer), does a much better job of comparing the various trends in atmospheric datasets with the models and is very careful to take account
of systematic uncertainties in all aspects of that comparison (unlike Douglass et al).
Not exact matches
The two methods are far from mutually exclusive, however, as both seek to effectively serve customers» needs through a
systematic, low - risk path to innovating in the face
of uncertainty.
Its experimental character means it is a kind
of theology well suited for times
of uncertainty and change, when
systematic, comprehensive construction seems inappropriate if not impossible.
In the last ten years I have moved increasingly toward experiential teaching (using self - awareness exercises, role playing
of counseling methods, live demonstrations
of growth groups, and so forth), which involves the students» own feelings, responses, and needs; asking the students to draw up their own «learning contract» based on what they want to get from a given course or workshop; expecting students to participate in the teaching by sharing in some
systematic way the insights they have discovered to be meaningful; revealing my own struggles,
uncertainties, and weaknesses; and asking the students to evaluate anonymously the course, including my teaching.
But if Wenger is continuing to hold the negative cloud
of uncertainty over his future with the club on purpose in the hope the annual late rally to secure a top 4 spot would justify a new contract then I would rather finish 7th, outside
of the European football places allowing a new manager to focus just on the PL and taking any arguments away from Wenger that would delude him into thinking he should continue his unsuccessful reign and the
systematic dismantling
of our competitive status and DNA.
A
systematic review
of the scientific literature indicates that women who intend to breastfeed but who later feed their babies formula consistently report feelings
of guilt, anger, worry,
uncertainty, and a sense
of failure despite the relief that introducing formula after experiencing difficulties with breastfeeding may bring (Lakshman, Ogilvie, & Ong, 2009).
Pascale's article illustrates how
systematic media practices minimized the presence
of health risks, contributed to misinformation, and exacerbated
uncertainties.
To limit inherent
systematic uncertainties, Ghez's group accounted for overlapping light sources when one star passes in front
of another or near the black hole itself, where infalling material emits radiation.
A
systematic review
of 49 studies, involving more than 1,600 patients and their caregivers, showed that this lack
of knowledge leads to confusion, delays in seeking help, and
uncertainty about the long - term outlook and how to manage their own care.
In science, «conservatism» implies proper acknowledgment
of the
uncertainties, it does not imply that
systematic underestimation
of effects.
Dooling's oil paintings nicely capture the feel
of shtetl life, the horror
of the
systematic persecution
of the Jews, and the
uncertainty that goes along with leaving everything familiar to live in a strange new land.
There are two classes
of uncertainty in models — one is the
systematic bias in any particular metric due to a misrepresentation
of the physics etc, the other is
uncertainty related to weather (the noise).
Cox et al. provide a statistical
uncertainty range for a single study, ignoring structural
uncertainty and
systematic biases resulting from their choice
of model and method.
Clearly more analysis will clarify the
uncertainties in the ocean heat estimates — which are very large and, I believe, may be understated in the Lyman et al paper since they address random but not
systematic sources
of error.
The past year, according to the NASA group (the «meteorological year» from December through November), is between the 7th and 12th warmest (because
of the range
of uncertainty in readings) since
systematic meteorological record - keeping began in 1880.
Accounting for Both Random Errors and
Systematic Errors in
Uncertainty Propagation Analysis
of Computer Models Involving Experimental Measurements with Monte Carlo Methods.
A number
of people have pointed out the importance
of separating the random and
systematic components
of the
uncertainty.
I think that in order to get a handle on the
uncertainties we need multiple, independent, well - thought - out assessments
of both the coverage
uncertainty and the
systematic error
uncertainty.
The step from empirical likelihood functions to PDFs with the help
of a well defined prior is one
of those illusionary attempts, and even more so, when the likelihood functions themselves are dependent on doubtful assumptions concerning
systematic uncertainties and lack
of knowledge.
Systematic errors propagate as their root - mean - square, which means that the
uncertainty of an anomaly is greater than the
uncertainty of the absolute temperatures used to calculate it.
Subtracting the average bias
of a
systematic error does not remove the over all
uncertainty, and may even increase the total error.
The situation with your unsubstantiated certainty w / r / t economics does not necessarily generalize to your approach to climate science, but your failure to acknowledge an obvious case
of being overly certain does suggest, I'd say strongly, a
systematic problem in your approach to
uncertainty.
«A review
of sources
of systematic errors and
uncertainties in observations and simulations at 183 GHz.»
We applied the same method used in the observational analysis on general circulation model data to decrease the statistical
uncertainty at the expense
of an increased
systematic uncertainty.
As the age gets quite old, the
uncertainty in the radiocarbon signal becomes dominated by Poisson statistics; using a Neyman's Gaussian for the
uncertainty here can lead to
systematic overestimates
of the age
of the sample.
One might (or might not) argue for such a relation if the models were empirically adequate, but given nonlinear models with large
systematic errors under current conditions, no connection has been even remotely established for relating the distribution
of model states under altered conditions to decision - relevant probability distributions... There may well exist thresholds, or tipping points (Kemp 2005), which lie within this range
of uncertainty.
However, even state -
of - the - art climate models (GCMs) have
systematic errors in simulation
of different climate characteristics, which are often much larger than observations
uncertainties (Covey et al. 2003).
You make some good points about the propagation
of systematic errors and
uncertainty.
Worst
of all, temperature change still appears to reported as if all the
uncertainty arises from scatter in the raw data and none from
systematic errors that could arise from processing the data.
The
Uncertainty Monster is birthed right here, in the random and
systematic errors and imprecision
of the daily Tmin and Tmax readings.
As the internal measurement errors and the external inter-equational
uncertainties stem from independent sets
of systematic errors, they combine as the rms: (+ / --RRB- sqrt [measurement error) ^ 2 + (inter-equational spread) ^ 2] = sqrt -LSB-(1.25) ^ 2 + (1.75) ^ 2] = (+ / --RRB- 2.2 C.
An example
of what seems to be a
systematic trend in documents fed to policy people — a trend toward the suppression
of statistical information that would admit any
uncertainty in our understanding
of climate processes.
Uncertainties associated with «random errors» have the characteristic
of decreasing as additional measurements are accumulated, whereas those associated with «
systematic errors» do not.
In UKCIP08, for example, we are handling this problem by combining results from two different types
of ensemble data: One is a
systematic sampling
of the
uncertainties in a single model, obtained by changing uncertain parameters that control the climate system; the other is a multi-model ensemble obtained by pooling results from alternative models developed at different international centers.
If not, then in terms
of systematic error, a per day
uncertainty in a physical quantity (0.2 C per reading)
of a physically unique data point can not be reduced to a physical
uncertainty of 0.03 C merely by taking a mean
of the points.
While individual papers are cited (e.g Schurr and Hasselman, Min and Hense), there is no evidence that I can see in chapter 9
of a
systematic treatment
of all the forcing, model, and data
uncertainties and also the possibility
of strong multidecadal natural internal variability.
Therefore they have decided to support the application
of the precautionary principle by stating the
uncertainties as less than any objective
systematic analysis can support and using subjective judgments as a more reliable basis for quantitative conclusions than they really are.
Similarly, primary contributors to
uncertainties in the valuation
of the other emissions are climate sensitivity, climate - health impacts, and projected GDP, which are
systematic across those pollutants and hence their relative importance is robust.
Much
of the
uncertainty is
systematic, so despite large ranges, differences can be significant (e.g. coal - related damages are $ 410 (− 180 / +240; 5 — 95 % CI) billion greater than gas - related damages at 3 % discounting).
A review
of the peer - edited literature reveals a
systematic tendency
of the climate establishment to engage in a variety
of stylized rhetorical techniques that seem to oversell what is actually known about climate change while concealing fundamental
uncertainties and open questions regarding many
of the key process involved in climate change.
Caregiver - focused groups were rated as providing skills such as information and support that reduced the negative appraisal
of caregiving, decreased
uncertainty and lessened hopelessness, while also teaching skills to cope with the stresses
of caregiving.66 This supports suggestions that such groups might give caregivers the chance to openly interact with other caregivers in the absence
of their care recipients.57 Moreover, in a
systematic review
of psychosocial interventions, group based or otherwise, caregivers listed the most useful aspect
of interventions as regular interactions with a professional, providing the chance to openly communicate issues with them, and as a time to talk about feelings and questions related to cancer.13, 66