Process - product research did not help us to understand the
nature of teacher knowledge or offer us insight into the reflective, adaptive, and responsive aspects of teaching.
Results of the design experiment thus potentially focused on changes in this particular teacher's practice, characteristics this teacher possessed that may have contributed to successful technology implementation, and the development of a general theory on the types
of teacher knowledge necessary to teach successfully with technology.
It occurred to us that there might be a way to measure this kind
of teacher knowledge easily without needing to spend long periods of time observing teachers in their classrooms.»
In a second round of coding, the
forms of teacher knowledge (i.e., TPACK dimensions) associated with each type of instructional decision were identified.
Building on the framework of MKT proposed by Ball, Thames, and Phelps (2008), the MKT instrument uses a combination of multiple choice, fill - in - the - blank, and open response items designed to measure
domains of teacher knowledge involved with teaching mathematics at the elementary and early elementary level.
New approaches to teacher evaluation, combined with comprehensive professional development for teachers and school leaders and changes in the organization and capacities of school districts, can support the types
of teacher knowledge acquisition and changes in instructional practices called for by the Common Core Standards and assessments.
In his view, criteria for judging teacher effectiveness could be based upon Shulman's
categories of teacher knowledge — especially academic content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, knowledge of the curriculum, and knowledge of learners and educational contexts.
Indeed, although technology integration is a complex and «wicked» problem (Mishra & Koehler, 2006), TPACK offers a useful framework to aid communication with non-technology-focused audiences about the necessity of including technology knowledge as a
component of teacher knowledge.
A recent revision of the INTASC teaching standards has been aligned with the Common Core Standards in order to reflect the
kind of teacher knowledge, skills, and understandings needed to enact the standards.
The TPACK model extends conceptions of PCK by adding technology as a specific
type of teacher knowledge (Koehler et al., 2013; Mishra & Koehler, 2006).
This challenge calls for the
development of a teacher knowledge that includes technology, pedagogy, and content knowledge, or TPACK (Mishra & Koehler, 2006; Niess, 2005).
Investigating the validity of portfolio assessments of beginning teachers: Relationships with student achievement and tests of teacher knowledge
Referred to as technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK; or, in some circles, technology, pedagogy, and content knowledge — TPACK), the construct reflects the complex, multifaceted, and situated nature
of teacher knowledge that can lead to successful technology integration (Mishra & Koehler, 2006).