(In contrast to what Professor Farran says, these studies have provided evidence that these effects
of test score gains are due to causal effects of the early education interventions, and are not due to unobserved child characteristics.)
By design, SGP models do not purport to provide causal estimates of teacher effectiveness (though this does not necessarily imply that they are less accurate measures); they are intended as a descriptive measure of what is —
of test score gains relative to other students who scored similarly in the past.»
So the folks at Gates have been trying to scientifically validate a teacher evaluation system that involves a mix
of test score gains, classroom observations, and student surveys so that they can overcome resistance to centrally imposed, mechanistic evaluation systems.
They also could have genuinely reassured teachers anxious about the use
of test score gains in teacher evaluations.
For example, although there is evidence
of test score gains, our committee cautioned against premature causal explanations or policy advice based on impressionistic evidence.
But the report shows that they are predictive
of test score gains.
An analysis
of test score gains made by students in 49 countries which was published in Ed Next last year found that students in the U.S. were not on track to close the global achievement gap.
Not exact matches
New York's school children made incremental progress in math
scores but no
gains in English
tests in the second year
of Common Core - related exams.
A four - year moratorium on use
of student
scores on Common Core state
tests to evaluate job performances by teachers and principals
gained quick and overwhelming preliminary approval Monday from the state Board
of Regents.
The latest round
of state standardized academic
test scores showed
gains both across New York State and locally.But rather than celebrate the largest bump since New York adopted new
tests tied to the Common Core Learning Standards, education officials reported the increases with caution.
She managed the historic introduction
of universal pre-K and oversaw significant
gains in student achievement from
test scores to high school graduation rates.
The
scores of last year's MCAS
tests given to Springfield school students rose across the board at a higher rate than the
gain recorded by school districts statewide, and the dropout rate has fallen more than any other school system in the state.
The agreement allows the new evaluation system to proceed, but delays the impact
of state
test scores until teachers have
gained experience with Common Core standards and
tests.
De Blasio welcomed the
gains but said pointedly that «a school is not the sum
of its
test scores.»
«In addition to
gains in achievement
test scores we also saw improvements in engagement with school, such as an increase in attendance
of about 2.5 weeks per year» said Jonathan Guryan, Associate Professor
of Human Development and Social Policy in the Institute for Policy Research at Northwestern University and Co-director
of the University
of Chicago Urban Education Lab.
They scale the
gain in black students»
scores by the standard deviation
of test scores computed for a select sample
of students, and observe that the
gain in their
scores due to attending private school is «roughly one - third
of the
test -
score gap between blacks and whites nationwide.»
And some observers have speculated that the exceptional
gains observed in Florida could be explained by a change in rules regarding the
test scores of high - mobility students who move in and out
of schools and districts often.
But ever since becoming a federally funded turnaround school in 2010, these meetings have become cherished time for the teachers and, according to Nolan, one
of the key reasons their elementary school — once one
of the lowest achieving in Boston — has seen significant
gains on
test scores.
If the same approach is applied to the STAR sample to adjust for the fact that some students did not enroll in the class they were assigned to - and a comparable sample
of low - income black students is used - the
gains in
test scores after two years
of attending a small class (average
of 16 students) as opposed to a regular - size class (average
of 23 students) is 9.1 national percentile ranks in reading and 9.8 ranks in math.
The estimated
gain from being offered a voucher is only half as large as the
gain from switching to private school (in response to being offered a voucher), so the estimated impact
of offering vouchers is no more than one - eighth as large as the black - white
test score gap.
Even if we ignore the fact that most portfolio managers, regulators, and other policy makers rely on the level
of test scores (rather than
gains) to gauge quality, math and reading achievement results are not particularly reliable indicators
of whether teachers, schools, and programs are improving later - life outcomes for students.
Students
of teachers who had completed an online professional - development course about fractions made
test -
score gains that were similar to those
of students taught by teachers who had taken the same course in person.
A less narrow concept
of school quality (currently limited to short - term
gains in
test scores alone) is essential to refocus the movement on its ultimate object: setting children on a path for lives
of self - sufficiency, upward mobility, and engaged citizenship.
Finally, while exam - school students have considerably higher fluid cognitive skills (as would be expected
of students who
gain admission via
test scores and grades), attending one
of these locally renowned schools in the company
of other bright students confers no systematic advantage.
Each dot represents a school, and the diagonal line shows the overall relationship between
test -
score gains and fluid cognitive ability across the full sample
of schools.
There is ample reason to believe that the
test -
score gains generated by these schools are meaningful, despite the lack
of corresponding improvement in fluid cognition.
While these schools succeed in generating
test -
score gains for students
of all cognitive abilities, it is still the case that students with strong fluid cognitive skills learn more.
The correlations between our summary measure
of fluid cognitive ability and
test -
score gains in math and reading were 0.32 and 0.18, respectively.
Second, even in the absence
of such behaviors, the correlation between
test -
score gains and improvements in long - term outcomes has not been conclusively established.
In the school with more teachers, the diffusion
of responsibility for
test -
score gains across many teachers may erode the incentive that any individual teacher has to increase effort in the classroom.
Studies
of early - childhood and school - age interventions often find long - term impacts on such outcomes as educational attainment, earnings, and criminal activity despite nonexistence or «fade - out»
of test -
score gains.
A compelling way to see this is to look at the relationship across schools between the average
test -
score gain students make between the 4th and 8th grade and our summary measure
of their students» fluid cognitive ability at the end
of that period (see Figure 2).
Another idea for entrepreneurs: build a web site where students or their parents can enter their
test scores themselves, and provide a prediction for the types
of colleges where they are likely to
gain acceptance.
In addition, the differences in
test -
score gains between bottom - and top - quartile students on each non-cognitive skill amount to almost a full year's worth
of learning in math over the middle school years.
I first analyze changes over time in the FCAT
test scores of students in their initial 3rd - grade year in order to discern the extent to which Florida's elementary - school students made true achievement
gains during the period in question.
«Some supporters
of the Act contend that early
gains in state
test scores mean that the Act is being administered effectively and is succeeding, so no changes are needed.
This statistically significant difference
of -0.23 standard deviations is in the opposite direction
of that expected, based on the student - level relationships between self - control and
test -
score gains displayed above.
He is currently directing studies that will explore new methods for evaluating
gains in
scores on high - stakes
tests and evaluate the use
of value - added models in educational accountability systems.
The validity
of score gains on high - stakes
tests.
Koretz's research focuses on educational assessment and policy, particularly high - stakes
testing and its effect on schools, as well as the validity
of the
score gains.
Each student's
score also is analyzed in terms
of year - to - year
gains and compared to
test norms.
But
gains in precision obtained by increasing the number
of students observed will be offset by losses associated with failing to control for baseline
test scores.
We measure FCAT performance using developmental - scale
scores, which allow us to compare the
test -
score gains of all the students in our study, even though they took
tests designed for different grade levels.
For example, the effect
of a one - hour later start time on math
scores is roughly 14 percent
of the black - white
test -
score gap, 40 percent
of the gap between those eligible and those not eligible for free or reduced - price lunch, and 85 percent
of the
gain associated with an additional year
of parents» education.
Despite making far larger
test -
score gains than students attending open - enrollment district schools, and despite the emphasis their schools place on cultivating non-cognitive skills, charter school students exhibit markedly lower average levels
of self - control as measured by student self - reports (see Figure 2).
Figures 1a, 1b, and 1c compare the average number
of absences, the share
of students who were suspended, and the average
test -
score gains between fourth and eighth grade
of students who ranked in the bottom - and top - quartile on each skill.
Jay accuses the foundation
of failing to disclose the limited power
of classroom observation
scores in predicting future
test score gains over and above what one would predict based on value - added
scores alone.
Even she attributes much
of the
test -
score gains in her two years to the district's ability to pick what she calls «low - hanging fruit.»
Specifically, I separated out the effects on
test -
score gains of a student's race and ethnicity, as well as accounted for the influence
of a student's peers, by evaluating the influence
of demographic characteristics
of the student body, including average income level and percentage
of minority students.
In the Fall 2012 issue
of Ed Next, Marcus Winters investigated claims that Bush - era
test score gains were overstated.