Significance
of the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus GABAergic Neurons in Normal and Pathological Activity of the Brain
This putative compass - magnetosensory pathway involves restricted subregions at all levels of the thalamofugal visual pathway: neuronal subpopulations in the retina, ventral parts
of the thalamic Gld (lateral and ventral DLL, SpRt, LdOPT) and lateral parts of the visual wulst (Cluster N).
Co-localization of anterograde tracer from the eye and retrograde tracer from Cluster N was observed in lateral and ventral parts of the DLL, the LdOPT and the SpRt
of the thalamic Gld.
Seibt J., Schuurmans C., Gradwhol G., Dehay C., Vanderhaeghen P., Guillemot, F. and Polleux F. (2003) Neurogenin2 specifies the connectivity
of thalamic neurons by controlling axon responsiveness to intermediate target cues.
Title: Role
of thalamic projection in NMDA receptor - induced disruption of cortical slow oscillation and short - term plasticity Author: T. Kiss et al..
Previous studies suggested that stimulation
of thalamic neurons may awaken patients who have suffered a traumatic brain injury from minimally conscious states.
The work of Kremkow and colleagues indicates that the organization of all maps originates from the same principle: an arrangement
of thalamic afferents that minimizes differences in spatial position, eye input and light / dark polarity among neighboring cortical neurons.
However, while the maps for visual space and eye input were thought to originate from the segregation
of thalamic afferents in visual cortex, the origin of the other maps remained unclear.
Not exact matches
This circuit involves the nucleus reuniens (NR), a
thalamic nucleus
of largely unknown function.
Absence seizures are believed to be elicited by T - type calcium channels in the
thalamic reticular nucleus
of the brain that regulate influxes
of calcium.
They found that altering the activity
of three specific targets — GABAB currents, the potassium leak currents and hyperpolarization - activated
thalamic currents — restored sleep patterns in their model.
The findings
of Experiments 1 and 2 support the role
of a striato -
thalamic - frontal cortical system in fatigue, suggesting a «fatigue - network» in MS.
«Our latest research findings support a newly emerging model
of how the brain focuses attention on a particular task, using neurons in the
thalamic reticular nucleus as a switchboard to control the amount
of information the brain receives, limiting and filtering out sensory information that we don't want to pay attention to,» says senior study investigator and neuroscientist Michael Halassa, MD, PhD.
Researchers at NYU Langone Medical Center say they have added to evidence that a shell - shaped region in the center
of the mammalian brain, known as the
thalamic reticular nucleus or TRN, is likely responsible for the ability to routinely and seamlessly multitask.
Spindles come from a structure
of the brain called
thalamic reticular nucleus and spike around 7 - 15 per second.
At nighttime between the two days, scientists introduced artificial
thalamic spindles in some
of the mice using a light - based technique called optogenetics.
Dr. Lee's team flashed laser pulses onto light sensitive central
thalamic neurons
of sleeping rats, which caused the cells to fire.
The relationship
of anterior
thalamic radiation integrity to psychosis risk associated neuregulin - 1 variants
The distribution and morphology
of neurons and axonal endings (puncta) immunostained with antibodies to gamma - aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine (Gly) were analyzed in auditory brainstem,
thalamic,
Housed in a brain region called the thalamus, a group
of brain cells called the
thalamic reticular nucleus, or TRN, had been suspected to control the brain's ability to pay selective attention to cues from the outside world.
Fetal neurosonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have also showed diffuse calcification in the subcortical parenchyma and
thalamic areas, ventriculomegaly, lissencephaly, and pachygyria (ie, smooth brains with reduced gyral ridges).6 Nevertheless, to our knowledge, a systematic follow - up
of clinical and morphological features
of these cases along with anatomic and pathological descriptions associated with congenital ZIKV infection has not been reported.
In these studies, we developed a method to simultaneously record the activity
of multiple excitatory
thalamic neurons (ETN) together with the axonal activity
of inhibitory
thalamic neurons (ITN) in the same brain volume.
A within - group analysis was performed in the depressed group to explore effects
of depression refractoriness on functional connectivity.Resting - state subgenual cingulate and
thalamic functional connectivity with the default - mode network were significantly greater in the depressed subjects.
The findings provide cross-modality confirmation
of PET studies demonstrating increased
thalamic and subgenual cingulate activity in major depression.
YanGang Sun, Juan Pita - Almenar, Chia - Shan Wu, John J Renger, Victor N. Uebele, Hui - Chen Lu, Michael Beierlein (2013) «Biphasic cholinergic synaptic transmission controls action potential activity in
thalamic reticular nucleus neurons», Journal
of Neuroscience 33: 2048 - 59.
Juan Diego Pita - Almenar, Dinghui Yu, Hui - Chen Lu, Michael Beierlein (2014) «Mechanisms Underlying Desynchronization
of Cholinergic - Evoked
Thalamic Network Activity», Journal
of Neuroscience 34 (43): 14463 - 14474.
However, certain areas such as the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus, some lateral parietal areas, and associated paramedian
thalamic nuclei, may constitute strategic crossroads for coordinating the interactions among different sensory maps and frames
of reference concerning the body and the environment.
Given the role
of serotonergic neurotransmission in cognitive control and impulsivity (Gorwood et al. 2000; Mann et al. 2001; Purselle and Nemeroff 2003; Retz et al. 2004; Strobel et al. 2007; Walderhaug et al. 2007; see, however, Clark et al. 2005 for negative evidence), the current findings
of greater error - evoked
thalamic activity in women seem to indicate a potentially useful intermediate neural phenotype to further elucidate gender differences in depression.
Key: BCC = body corpus callosum; SCC = splenium corpus callosum; CP = cerebral peduncle; PIC = posterior internal capsule; RIC = retrolenticular internal capsule; SCR = superior corona radiata; PTR = posterior
thalamic radiation; SS = sagittal stratum; EC = external capsule; SLF = superior longitudinal fasciculus; PCR = posterior corona radiata; ST = stria terminalis; SFOF = superior fronto - occipital fasciculus; UC = uncinate fasciculus; ACR = anterior corona radiata; GCC = genus corpus callosum; CD = Conduct Disorder; CD / CU + = Conduct Disorder with high levels
of callous - unemotional traits; CD / CU - = Conduct Disorder with low levels
of callous - unemotional traits; HC = Healthy Controls
Structural and functional abnormalities in the anterior
thalamic radiation have been associated with deficits in executive functions specifically related to declarative memory, such as the use
of strategies during memory retrieval (Van der Werf et al. 2003).
The microstructural properties
of the anterior
thalamic radiation and IFOF have also been associated with individual differences in empathic abilities (experiencing emotion in response to the perceived emotions
of others).
Parkinson and Wheatley (2014) found that greater levels
of empathic concern were associated with greater FA in association fiber tracts linking areas involved in visual and affective processing (ILF and IFOF), and areas
of the limbic system (UF and anterior
thalamic radiation).