Our contributions to this field have helped to change the way endocytosis is perceived, from being simply a mechanism for signal attenuation to being a vital component
of the cell signalling machinery that provides spatial and temporal dimensions to signalling events (1).
This rather simplistic view is now changing with emerging evidence that endocytosis is an integral component
of the cell signalling machinery, regulating aspects such as the duration, intensity, integration and spatial distribution of signals.
Not exact matches
Another interesting aspect to the work is that it demonstrates the possibility
of adding new
machinery to human
cells to enable them to make therapeutic agents in response to disease
signals.»
With careful observation and experiments with mouse oocytes, the precursors
of eggs, they've detected molecular
signals that create an asymmetry in the
machinery that drives meiosis, the
cell - division process that gives rise to gametes.
While the PS is moving across the
cell membrane and looking for a stronger chemical
signal, only a few molecules
of the breaking protein Cdc24 are present in the
machinery.
Theoretically, once a particular codon — say, TAG — has been removed from a genome, the
cell's protein - making
machinery could be reprogrammed to assign TAG to an amino acid, instead
of being a stop
signal.
Because when the
cell detects an EJC within a certain distance from a «stop»
signal in a gene message, that is when it calls the NMD
machinery into action, to halt decoding
of the message and resulting in its degradation.
Clara Franzini — Armstrong writes about Annemarie Weber, «a major contributor to the renaissance
of muscle biology research in the 1950s to 1970s, when the components
of the contractile
machinery were identified; novel views
of muscle contraction and regulation were elucidated; and principles
of energy transduction, motility and intracellular
signaling common to all
cells were revealed.»
We are using biochemistry and genetics to identify the proteins that enable neurite - specific neuropeptide localization and using
cell - type - specific genetic manipulations to disable that
machinery and thereby probe the behavioral function
of extra-synaptic peptide
signaling in specific circuits.
Prior to the new study, scientists thought that the
machinery in a
cell created
signalling peptides by cutting fragments out
of proteins in sequence, and displaying these in order on the surface
of the
cell.
Tumour
cells are «glutamine - addicted» [1,2] because glutamine is coupled to mechanistic target
of rapamycin (mTOR)
signalling, which integrates
signals from growth factors, energy status and amino acid nutrition and co-ordinates these
signals with
cell growth,
cell cycle progression and antioxidant
machinery [3].
Through a complicated and little understood
signaling machinery — a domino effect
of molecular reactions in a
cell that ultimately produces a certain
signal — Natural Killer
cells then destroy such» stressed»
cells.
Themis1 has been recently described as a new component
of the TCR
signaling machinery that controls thymic development
of T
cells.