These are some of the attacks made against the Orientalists
of nineteenth century who continue to copy the same thing also in the twentieth century.
Buber has spoken of Kierkegaard and Dostoievsky together as the two men
of the nineteenth century who will, in his opinion, «remain» in the centuries to come.
Poisson was one of the great ichthyologists
of the nineteenth century who first came to the attention of the international scientific community for his discovery of the Giant Penguins of Ton Gue Incheek Island, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica.
Not exact matches
This was Thomas Hardy's appellation for God, but in Footnote Heaven the moniker ought really to belong to Jacques - Paul Migne, the
nineteenth -
century Benedictine
who singlehandedly edited and published the entire corpus
of the Greek and Latin Fathers and whose edition is cited in almost every work on early Christianity ever published.
Tarkington,
who saw the effects
of the industrial revolution in his neck
of the woods in the late
nineteenth century, used the novel to talk about the rise
of new technology — in this case, the automobile — and the impact it would have on an idyllic life.
It is probably true that until the
nineteenth century most Christians thought
of Jesus as God
who lived a human life.
Already in the
nineteenth century Blake and Dostoevsky proclaimed a Christ
who can be known only by passing through the death
of God, and, if we are radical enough, we might understand that Hegel and Nietzsche were Christian thinkers
who grasped the necessity
of a theological atheism.
This applies particularly to many
of our time
who have been schooled in the thought
of Western culture, say from the period
of the enlightenment through
nineteenth -
century philosophy and science.
His works were slow to gain acceptance among the musical elite
of nineteenth -
century Vienna,
who favored Brahms over the allegedly «Wagnerian» Bruckner.
In the hands
of men
who evaded the real moral issues and
who were narrower in their comprehension than so many
of the statesmen
of the
nineteenth century, it is a question whether the established form in internationalism produced a single new idea
of any significance between 1919 and 1939.
Here, in the late -
nineteenth century, was a man
who had spent decades chronicling the pre-history
of the United States.
For example,
who really notices that the amount
of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased by 25 per cent since the middle
of the
nineteenth century (as a result
of the burning
of fossil fuels, along with destruction
of rainforests)?
It was Frederick Denison Maurice, the great English theologian
of the
nineteenth century,
who warned that when people «cry out for the living God» it is all too easy to offer them «religion» instead.
If we can do this better now than some time ago, it is we, not the exegetes
of the
nineteenth century,
who understand the text «more literally».
But with the Enlightenment, or, more precisely, with the historicism
of the
nineteenth century, the question
of the real Jesus was posed:
Who really was Jesus, as a real person in history?
His is the early -
nineteenth -
century's liberalism
of Friedrich Schleiermacher, an «enormously courageous move» that, «focusing on religious experience rather than religious ideation as the object
of theological reflection,... combined faith in one's own experience with faith in the God
who will not abandon those
who trust in Him.»
Its roots were in the
nineteenth -
century philosopher G. W. F. Hegel,
who interpreted history as the progressive realization
of human freedom.
But this position seems to be in line with that
of the now notorious
nineteenth -
century thinkers
who sought the historical person
of Jesus behind the records and criticized the records from that vantage point.
The great theologian and preacher Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768 - 1834),
who has been called the father
of modern Protestant theology, did so at the beginning
of the
nineteenth century, but was subject to strong criticism in the twentieth
century by Karl Barth, whose emphasis on the objective revelation
of God in Jesus Christ has dominated much theological thinking in the twentieth
century.
I have mentioned the Athaeneum
of intellectuals and educators
who gathered around Justo Sierra in the late
nineteenth century and, inspired partly by Spencer and others, tried to create a civil religion for Mexico.
Karl Barth,
who changed the direction
of twentieth
century theology with his recognition
of the bankruptcy
of nineteenth century liberalism, nevertheless did not ignore the theological discussion
of those whose understanding
of the faith he judged to be inadequate.
But with the Enlightenment, or, more precisely, with the historicism
of the
nineteenth century, the question
of the real Jesus was posed:
Who really was...
Those
who helped forge constitutionalism in the
nineteenth century, especially Benito Juárez,
who engineered the 1857 constitution and served as president, are regarded as «fathers»
of the country and frequently compared with Washington or Jefferson.
«There are some Christians,» he wrote, «
who feel a certain satisfaction» a kind
of Schadenfreude» at the sudden collapse
of the liberal idealism
of the
nineteenth century and the loss
of hope in the future
of modern civilization.
On the other hand, attempts to construct a picture
of the historical Jesus have been fraught with personal biases to the extent that Jesus the first
century Palestinian often comes out resembling nothing so much as the ideal
nineteenth century European liberal or twentieth
century American conservative or twenty - first
century third world radical, depending upon
who is constructing this «historical» picture.
In the
nineteenth and early twentieth
centuries, Reform Jews
who rejected the Zionist idea
of a Jewish state declared that «America is our Zion.»
During the late
nineteenth century the Kant - Laplace hypothesis was severely criticized by the British physicist Clerk Maxwell,
who argued that the forces
of differential rotation between parts
of the solar nebula would break up any such condensation as soon as it began to form.
But it seems to me that Dr. Altizer has fallen into a naturalization
of historical time, that he has been led astray by his
nineteenth -
century mentors,
who were battling against the rigidity
of a mechanistic universe, for there is no doubt that in the mechanistic and objective sense the past is dead and unchangeable.
, is intended to evoke attention to a great philosopher
who lived around the beginning
of the
nineteenth century and to connect with that philosopher a particular teaching.
Henri Pranzini — tall, charming, and charismatic — was a life - long petty thief
who took advantage
of vulnerable women in
nineteenth century France, a vice that eventually destroyed him.
In the
nineteenth century the burden
of proof lay upon the scholar
who saw theological interpolations in historical sources; in the twentieth
century the burden
of proof lies upon the scholar
who sees objective factual source material in the primitive Church's book
of common worship.
Sadly, most
of the debate is anchored in an analysis that freights these bronze statues with the racial politics
of our own time — rather than considering the motives
of those
who raised Confederate monuments in the later
nineteenth and early twentieth
centuries, during the great period
of Civil War memorialization.
Balmer wrote his book, however, as an evangelical
who wanted to recover what he considered to be the heart
of the movement, which was its late -
nineteenth -
century coalition
of conservative theology and progressive social activism around the poor, women, and ethnic minorities.
The
nineteenth -
century Anglican bishop, J. J. Stewart Perowne,
who knew this tradition well, wrote about the importance
of the Psalter in the life and liturgy
of the church through the ages:
The question is whether a generation which has lost its faith in all the gods
of the
nineteenth century, that is, in «history,» or «progress,» or «enlightenment,» or the «perfectibility
of man,» is not expressing its desire to believe in something, to be committed somehow, even though it is not willing to be committed to a God
who can be known only through repentance, and whose majesty judges all human pretensions.
Consultation between missionaries
of different denominations
who were working in the same or nearby areas began quite early in the
nineteenth century.
Regardless
of one's own beliefs, there is something undeniably satisfying about the fact that the world
of classical music at the end
of the twentieth
century is dominated by three men
who can say
of tonality what G. K. Chesterton said
of his rediscovery
of religious faith: «I freely confess all the idiotic ambitions
of the end
of the
nineteenth century.
In the early
nineteenth century, China was closed to foreigners, and Christians,
who were descendants
of those converted by earlier missionaries, were a tiny number.
In the early
nineteenth century, a group
of leading lay evangelicals, as we shall see, 15
who belonged to what was known as the «Clapham sect», led the campaign for the abolition
of slavery, which was ended in the British dominions in 1833.
This answer has appealed to many men
of goodwill, particularly in the
nineteenth and twentieth
centuries, especially to those in the Western world
who have come out
of a Christian heritage.
Let's not forget the historical fate
of Thomas Aquinas,
who more or less fell into eclipse until the
nineteenth century, and for whom we can say that the twentieth
century was his biggest moment by far.
Here excavations indicate that the city (earlier and under a different name, the capital
of the Hyksos Dynasty) was destroyed in the sixteenth
century when the Hyksos were expelled, that reoccupation probably began shortly before 1300 B.C., and that work went on there under the first two kings
of the
Nineteenth Dynasty, Seti I (about 1310 - 1290 B.C.) and his son Rameses II (about 1290 - 1224 B.C.),
who gave his name to the city.
This was as true
of early Jews in Galilee as it was true
of nineteenth century India and is true
of contemporary India: «In Jesus's world [just as in the Indian worldview], people were important because
of who they were related to, or where they came from, not so much because
of who they were in themselves» (Witherington: 35).
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770 - 1831),
who left the stamp
of his philosophy on much
of Western thought
of the
nineteenth and twentieth
centuries, declared Christianity to be the perfect religion, employed Christian terminology in such fashion that he appeared to endorse it, but was in fact a pantheist.
Yet if, so understood, Bradley's work can be seen as the axis which, in the Anglo - Saxon world, turns
nineteenth -
century German Idealism and empiricist sensationalism into the twentieth
century, it is Whitehead
who firmly inhabits the new age, establishing the structural model
of the process
of feeling in the place
of any attempt to provide an original or final Real, or a center or privileged locus for the nature
of things.
Ibn Abd al - Wahhab converted to his views certain Arab leaders, the Saudi barons
of Dar «uya,
who dedicated themselves to the realization
of his doctrines, Toward the end
of the twelfth and for the first two decades
of the thirteenth
century (eighteenth and
nineteenth centuries AD.)
Although they are largely unknown outside the American Catholic community (and scarcely better known inside it, for that matter), John Gilmary Shea, Peter Guilday, Thomas T. McAvoy, and, preeminently, John Tracy Ellis were old - fashioned historians
of genuine accomplishment
who, in the late
nineteenth century and the first half
of the twentieth, created the classic story line
of American Catholicism.
As I've written elsewhere, Francis seems to be channeling the spirit
of Pius IX, the great
nineteenth -
century pope
who could well have spoken
of modernity reeking with «the stench
of... «the dung
of the devil,»» a vivid image from the Church Fathers that Francis recently used to describe the spiritual consequences
of making an idol
of capitalism.
The mounting strength
of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States has been a large factor, and this in turn has been due to the faithful efforts in the
nineteenth century which laid the foundations for that strength and to the rise to comfort, and here and there to affluence,
of Roman Catholic emigrants and their children,
who, coming poverty - stricken to America, have profited by the development
of the virgin resources
of the land.
Around the seventeenth
century there were those
who believed that it was a special language created by the Holy Spirit, but — especially in the late
nineteenth century — this view lost favour when a great many letters, business documents and other writings were discovered, preserved in papyrus in the dry climate
of the Egyptian desert.