In speaking of the bodily event, Whitehead, not without contradiction, states: «This event [the bodily event] is the life
of that organism which links the percipient's awareness to external nature» (PNK 80).
Pure instinctive action is that functioning
of an organism which is wholly analyzable in terms of those conditions laid upon its development by the settled facts of its external environment....
«Coherence,» he writes, «means no mere sameness but sameness in difference: not the unity of grains of sand, but of parts
of an organism which complement each other but are not all cast in the same mold.»
By including seventy - one abstract works from 1905 to 1968, by fifty American and European artists, the exhibition attempted to give aesthetic content to the science of biology, specifically to the study
of organisms which lie beyond the range of unaided vision.
Not exact matches
The Great Barrier Reef has been damaged by agricultural runoff from farms and by coral - devouring crown -
of - thorns starfish,
which liquify coral
organisms.
Bolt is only one startup using such technologies,
which let scientists reengineer the genetics
of living
organisms to make products ranging from food sweeteners to «leather» to woodlike composites.
Not sure what you mean by «genetic information», but evolution requires changes in the genes
of the next generation
of organism,
which is exactly what happens with gene duplication, transposition, etc..
There's nothing in the theory
of evolution
which says an intermediate form (or any
organism, for that matter) can have only one line
of descendents, or that the intermediate form itself has to go extinct when a line
of descendents evolves.
You can argue that the original
organism had better eyesight than others
of his species and therefore the change increased his ability to survive, but you ignore that the change had to occur in the first place, and if there was a change in the first animal the interconnectedness
of the related bodily functions makes it impossible for the chance change —
which by the way required the loss
of genetic material — to have happened regardless
of the amount
of time you had.
The evidence is simply overwhelming and
of various different types: the fossil record, the genetic code, experimental confirmations, structures in living
organisms which are
of no current use but once were, faulty «designs» that are explained by «blind evolution» but that no sentient being would create, predictions that are tested based one the hypothesis it has occurred etc..
The fossil record
which shows millions
of years
of stable species, then an explosion
of necessarily mutations, all occurring at the precise necessary time required for complex
organisms to develop, and ALL escaping fossilization «the sudden appearance
of most species in the geologic record and the lack
of evidence
of substantial gradual change in most species — from their initial appearance until their extinction — has long been noted, including by Charles Darwin who appealed to the imperfection
of the record as the favored explanation» — Wikipedia
The fossil record simply does not support the evolutionary theory,
which claims there once existed a series
of successive forms leading to the present - day
organism.
How a nerve comes to be sensitive to light, hardly concerns us more than how life itself originated; but I may remark that, as some
of the lowest
organisms in
which nerves can not be detected, are capable
of perceiving light, it does not seem impossible that certain sensitive elements in their sarcode should become aggregated and developed into nerves, endowed with this special sensibility.»
To the contrary, it is more fantastic than we can imagine — hundreds
of billions (trillions)
of galaxies with hundreds
of billions (trillions)
of stars, nearly all
of which have planets, some right for life; planets so hot that they rain glass; stars made
of diamonds; the lineage
of animals from singled celled
organisms to the incredible variety that exists today with their unique adaptations.
Wolf likewise notes that the electromagnetic field
which is the brain seems to be part
of a still greater field
of activity
which is the total physical
organism:
But it is the
organism itself as a unified field
of activity
which thereby continues to exist and undergo various changes.
I get what you're saying and in essence, I agree, the church seems to the world a myopic
organism, focused less on the work
of the church in Acts
which provided real spiritual and physical care for the masses, and more on church culture and agenda.
In this way
of thinking, the momentary actualization
of the
organism, its becoming, is the fundamental note from
which the melody
of development is composed.
The only answer
which is plausible can be given by the biological theory
of knowledge: in the same way as our perception carves Out
of the whole physical reality only that zone
which has practical importance for our
organism, only those recollections
which are relevant to our present situation are transmitted into our present moment.
The consensus on the evolution
of primitive life is that simple life forms (prokaryotes,
organisms whose cells lack a distinct nucleus) inhabited the Earth about 3 - 4 billion years ago, eukaryotic cells (those with a nucleus
which contains the genetic material) emerging 2 - 3 billion years ago.
Just as the flow
of a stream is determined by a specific landscape, so it seems that the growth and development
of the proteins follow an «epigenetic landscape»
which is extraneous to the physico - chemical forces that energize the growth process.8 And just as the geographical landscape is extraneous to the flow
of water by the power
of gravitation, so the epigenetic landscape is extraneous to the «flow»
of energized matter operating by physico - chemical forces in the
organism's epigenesis.
According to one
of his analogies: just as the sequence
of letters on a page is extraneous to the chemistry
of ink and paper, so the sequence
of nucleic acids in the DNA molecule (
which, when translated, determines the shape
of an
organism and its specific characteristics) is extraneous to the chemical forces operative in the genetic process.
And finally, an important observation is furnished by Bronislaw Malinowski, who describes the transition from ordinary human experience to religious experience and belief as a «breaking point» to
which the human
organism reacts in spontaneous outbursts, and in
which rudimentary modes
of behavior and rudimentary beliefs are engendered.15
According to this account, the human being is a single total
organism with many specialized functions, amongst
which are thinking and feeling (generally regarded as operations
of the soul in the traditional view).
The age - long and still influential Christian doctrine
of bodily resurrection thus goes back to primitive Hebrew behaviorism,
which always conceived soul as a function
of the material
organism and never, like Greek philosophy, conceived immortality as escape from the imprisoning flesh.
The death instinct or Nirvana principle according to Freud brings us to the «blissful isolation
of intrauterine existence,» an existence
which seems to be the «prototype
of the state
of peace and freedom from tension, to
which, in accordance with the Nirvana principle, or death instinct, it seems to be the aim
of the
organism to return.»
I realize that the totality
of all perfections, even natural perfections, is the necessary basis for that mystical and ultimate
organism which you are constructing out
of all things.
Apr. 19, 2013 — An international research team in including Christian Schlötterer and Alistair McGregor
of the Vetmeduni Vienna has discovered a completely new mechanism by
which evolution can change the appearance
of an
organism.
Instead, this freedom is found in the person who sees herself as a part
of one spiritual
organism,
which is the church.
Many
of its adherents refuse to acknowledge the sanctity and equality
of human life, instead taking the so - called «quality
of life» approach,
which determines the moral value
of each
organism — whether human, animal, or plant — by measuring its individual cognitive capacities.
But there are major organs, the loss
of any one
of which brings death to the whole
organism.
Thus, just as the loss
of an essential organ brings the death
of the whole
organism, so the death
of the physical
organism brings to an end those psychical or spiritual aspects
of a man
which are usually thought
of as characterizing his uniqueness.
This we may readily concede, and many neurologists, psychologists, biochemists etc., would willingly agree; but no understanding
of man can be any longer satisfactory,
which is content to ignore what these sciences have taught us about the nature
of man as a psychosomatic
organism.
The manner in
which the letters
of this code are patterned determines the way in
which the proteins
of an
organism (composed
of amino acids) will be structured.
It's an expression
of the leader's trust in the releasable inner resources
of each individual, trust in the group as a potentially helpful
organism, and trust in the process by
which the people dynamic in individuals and groups is released.
That is, he can (and observably he often does) elect to live in self - contained ways, denying his drive towards fulfillment in manhood, failing to share in rich commonalty with his fellows, seeking satisfactions
which are so partial, limited, and defective that they impede and damage his basic drive as a total personal
organism — an
organism which is on the way to realization
of its richest and widest possibilities.
What makes DNA do its work is not its chemistry but the order
of the bases along the DNA chain: It is this order
which is a code to be read out by the developing
organism.
Or one may say that mechanism has yielded to
organism, to the creativity
of relationships
which are at once internal and external, yet neither one nor the other at any one given moment
of time.
The very phrase, a «philosophy
of organism,» used by Whitehead so often to capture the tenor
of his approach, remains a challenge to attend to the interconnectedness and interdependence
which deserves to be appreciated as contributing substantively to any organic whole.
Such is Locke's conclusion, a conclusion
which one might conceivably interpret as an objection to the very possibility
of a philosophy
of organism along the lines laid out by Whitehead.
You can not have the formation
of crystals, you can not have the formation
of living
organisms, unless you are in a universe in
which the entropy is increasing.
My efforts here, then, have a limited but basic objective: to argue that the doctrine
of relativity implies the repeatability
of all entities, including actual entities, and to begin to exhibit the extent to
which Whitehead's philosophy
of organism is built on the tenet that even particulars are repeatable.
There are long passages in the last chapter
of Science and the Modern World, for instance,
which could easily have served as the source
of some
of Leopold's ideas, and
which suggest that Leopold's notion
of community could be derived from Whitehead's theory
of organism without much difficulty.
Cells with nuclei, called eukaryotic cells (
which make up virtually all multi-cellular
organisms) are much larger and more complex that prokaryotic cells and likely resulted from the early combining
of prokaryotic cells.
There is also a significant programmatic statement, similar in intent with the analogy
of organism,
which proposes that matter, life, and mind are the «dominant characteristics»
of the universe and each has universal applicability (SB 131).
At that point in Science and the Modern World where Whitehead observes: «The relation
of part to whole has the special reciprocity associated with the notion
of organism, in
which the part is for the whole»; he confirms: «but this relation reigns throughout nature and does not start with the special case
of the higher
organisms» [SMW 149].
We hold that those occasions responding to basic pulses or to the lure
of a particular past particle form the elementary particles,
which in turn form the atoms,
which in turn form the molecules,
which in turn form the more complex molecules
of primitive
organisms,
which in turn form the one - celled
organisms,
which in turn form the multi-celled
organisms,
which, finally, in turn form the more complex
organisms, persons.
This essay has sought to indicate not only numerous points
of agreement between Whitehead and Sullivan, but also the valuable theoretical contribution
which Whitehead's philosophy
of organism can make to the ongoing development
of personality theory.
Lowe's point is well founded, for William James's works contain many insights
which have important affinities to Whitehead's philosophy
of organism.
The school
of social functionalism examines the ways in
which society, considered as an
organism, attempts to contain and manage conflict, integrating disparate members and subgroups into the whole.