Now, eighteen months later, what is the verdict
of the yield curve on the cycle?
Not exact matches
The drop in
yields in the «long end»
of the
curve this year has raised concerns that in winding down stimulus too soon, the Fed is giving up
on its goal
of reflating the economy.
NEW YORK, Nov 28 - The Federal Reserve faces the challenge
of standing by as financial markets «correct» as the central bank trims its asset holdings, U.S. hedge fund manager David Tepper said
on Tuesday, adding he was surprised the bond -
yield curve was so flat.
The outlook warned, however, that it is important to keep an eye
on the
yield curve — which tracks the movement
of both the 10 - year and the two - year treasury
yield.
In a note sent out to clients
on Thursday, the team
of Shahid Ladha and Timothy High wrote there are several factors that point to even higher
yields and a steeper
yield curve in the US.
The
yield curve - the plot
of all
of the
yields on Treasury securities
of maturities from four weeks to 30 years - is used as a signal
of economic health
of the economy.
Though currently bank equity investors are cheering the steepening
of yield curves, meanwhile, the 2003 Japan episode should fix regulators» attention
on the growing home - bias in government bonds.
In contrast, bond market exposure (in the form
of yield curve and spread risk) has played a relatively minor role in driving convertible bond risk and return in the recent past and seems likely to play a minor role in the year ahead, based
on our model.
Securities
on the long end
of the
yield curve have longer maturities.
Although the focus
on the
yield curve has led to fewer bond purchases, the Bank
of Japan may have little choice but to continue to inject significant amounts
of liquidity into an economy that remains beset by demographic challenges.
Achievement
of these goals was considered by the HRC as very challenging, even aggressive, given the expected modest economic growth for 2007 for the financial services industry, the impact and duration
of the
on - going flat / inverted
yield curve (meaning short - term interest rates that are virtually equal to or exceed long - term interest rates, thus lowering profit margins for financial services companies that borrow cash at short - term rates and lend at long - term rates), potentially higher credit losses, fewer available high - quality, high -
yielding loans and investment opportunities, and a consumer shift from non-interest to interest - bearing deposits.
These announcements generally had larger effects
on the short end
of the
yield curve.
These steps include: efforts to simplify prospectus requirements for retail vanilla bonds and ease the personal liability
of company directors; improving market transparency through the RBA's publication
of new measures
of corporate bond
yields; the lengthening
of the government bond
curve; and the listing
of certain fixed - income securities
on the Australian Securities Exchange.
Our alpha transmission process centers
on making key decisions across all four
of our alpha pods — duration, sector allocation,
yield curve and currency.
Traditionally, global equities do not peak until after the
yield curve has inverted, he adds, but «given the very low - rate nature
of this cycle, we'd expect a flat
curve to weigh more heavily
on sentiment and encourage a more defensive rotation.»
Efficient pricing in fixed - interest markets depends, to a large extent,
on the existence
of a well - defined
yield curve for an asset
of undoubted credit worthiness.
The Bank
of Japan overnightsaid it would continue its 80 trillion yen
of asset purchases, but it would focus
on steepening the
yield curve.
The Barron's article pointed this out as well, citing London - based «G+E conomics» head Lena Komileva: «A surplus
of investment funds looking for returns in low -
yield global markets results in a cap
on longer - term
yields and a flat
yield curve.»
One
of the first pieces I read
on the slope
of the
yield curve, which continues to influence my thinking to this day, was written in the 1980s by economists Arthur Laffer and Victor Canto.
The long end
of the
yield curve has risen as well, perhaps
on expectations
of faster inflation.
On the short - side
of the
yield curve, the consensus seems to interpret the Federal Open Market Committee's recent use
of the word «gradual» as an indication that it will allow inflation to run higher than 2 % in order to make up for the last 20 years
of below - target growth.
The shape
of the
yield curve can be a barometer for future growth, but its shape depends
on a number
of factors.
The spread between the 2 - year note
yield and the 10 - year note
yield, a widely - watched measure
of the
yield curve, widened to 49 basis points, or 0.49 percentage point, from 41 basis points
on Tuesday.
Interest rates at all points
on the
yield curve converge to roughly 5.89 % over the course
of 5 years
on the rising rate path, and to 16.2 %
on the falling rate.
One
of the indicators some economists have their eye
on right now is what's known as the flattening
yield curve — or the difference between long - term and short - term Treasury
yields.
The new fund will reportedly focus
on three strategies; using algorithms to identify attractive bond valuations, option overlays to provide protection against sudden market movements, and taking advantage
of opportunities in
yield curve movements.
The
curve is a comparison
of yields on everything from the one - month Treasury bill to the 30 - year Treasury bond.
With the exception
of the very front end
of the
yield curve, Canadian government bond
yields declined, as did spreads
on investment grade corporate bonds.
Since the final year
of the recession, which spanned 2007 to 2009, the 3 - month Treasury Bill rate, a proxy for monetary policy, has put upward pressure
on mortgage rates in recent years while the
yield curve has put downward pressure
on mortgage rates.
Though I'm not inclined to put much weight
on projections or forecasts, the present shape
of the
yield curve is one that has historically been followed by a parallel upward shift in interest rates at all maturities.
In doing so, investors are taking
on a range
of risks such as exposure to changes in the shape
of the
yield curve, credit spreads or exchange rates.
This suggests that the determination
of the 10 - Year Treasury Note rate, the sum
of the 3 - month Treasury Bill rate and the
yield curve, largely rests
on the height
of the federal funds rate at the end
of the cycle.
Like the
yield curve, an understanding
of credit spreads can uncover value and give you a reading
on where markets and the economy may be headed.
As usual, I don't place too much emphasis
on this sort
of forecast, but to the extent that I make any comments at all about the outlook for 2006, the bottom line is this: 1) we can't rule out modest potential for stock appreciation, which would require the maintenance or expansion
of already high price / peak earnings multiples; 2) we also should recognize an uncomfortably large potential for market losses, particularly given that the current bull market has now outlived the median and average bull, yet at higher valuations than most bulls have achieved, a flat
yield curve with rising interest rate pressures, an extended period
of internal divergence as measured by breadth and other market action, and complacency at best and excessive bullishness at worst, as measured by various sentiment indicators; 3) there is a moderate but still not compelling risk
of an oncoming recession, which would become more
of a factor if we observe a substantial widening
of credit spreads and weakness in the ISM Purchasing Managers Index in the months ahead, and; 4) there remains substantial potential for U.S. dollar weakness coupled with «unexpectedly» persistent inflation pressures, particularly if we do observe economic weakness.
The gap between the 2 - year and 10 - year Treasury notes, often considered the heart
of the
yield curve, held at 46.8 basis points
on Thursday.
In recent years, short - term rates have put upward pressure
on mortgage rates while the
yield curve has largely been flattening since the end
of the last recession.
As the
yields on these bonds change, the «shape»
of the
yield curve changes.
The long end
of the UST
curve is already just as unenthused as ever, while the short end expects higher
yields on money substitutes.
In Australia, we have come to think
of the downward sloping
yield curve as the norm, and banks have developed cash management - type products to cater for those wishing to capitalise
on high short term interest rates.
In fixed income, rate hikes by the Fed have led to higher interest rates
on the short end
of the
yield curve, while longer - term rates have remained more contained (despite recent increases following tax reform).
If inflation pressures become bad enough to force excessive rate hikes, what often follows is an inversion
of the
yield curve — when the interest rates
on shorter - maturity bonds rise above rates
on longer - maturity bonds.
This led to debates among policymakers
on whether the Fed should hasten the pace
of tightening, which further exacerbated pressure
on short - term Treasury
yields while leaving long - term rates largely unchanged — hence a flatter
yield curve.
In any case, investors should keep in mind that the stock market's reaction to Fed cuts has historically been dependent
on other conditions such as valuations, economic expectations and the slope
of the
yield curve.
Hence, a flat
yield curve can be seen as a yardstick
of ineffective policy normalization focusing
on the «wrong part
of the term structure.»
Prior to each
of the last seven recessions (shaded bars
on chart), the
yield curve was inverted with short - term rates higher than longer - term rates.
Depending
on where rates land, the intermediate sector
of the
yield curve could outperform, or it could get clobbered.
«As much as there's a lot
of hoopla about this increased lending and profitability, all the lending in the world is not going to matter if Treasurys are right about growth and inflation going forward given this flattening
of this
yield curve,» he also said
on «Closing Bell.»
FRA: Given the potential in Europe for being the epicentre
of perhaps the next financial crisis as Peter Boockvar mentions, could we see international capital flows come from Europe and elsewhere to the U.S. markets especially as you mentioned there could be pressure
on the long end
of the
yield curve with the movement into equities.
Now, the slowdown in money supply growth and the bank credit flattening
of the
yield curve will occur well before there is any noticeable impact
on a broad array
of economic indicators or long lags in monetary policy.
«The multi-year massive expansion
of the Fed's balance sheet has had a recognized powerful effect
on asset markets — lowering
yields and flattening the
yield curve.