Sentences with phrase «of their absorption bands»

Several of the absorption bands seem not to be saturated.

Reversion of the Q82E mutation (v0) revealed it has a role in brightness and expansion of the absorption band in the eukaryotic model that would not have been revealed in the prokaryotic model (Figure 2b, 4a).

Atmospheric CO2 does not act like a selective capture machine, waiting for photons at the middle of an absorption band and rejecting others.

Some of the absorption bands that can be safely ignored would start to play a significant role.

Another, in regards to modern calculations, is that atmospheric measurements are usually restricted to a small number of absorption bands, owing to the limits of technology.

I guess that calculations of the total atmosphere relies on a great many individual studies of small groups of absorption bands.

Also, I would very much like someone knowledgeable to tackle Norm Kalmanovitch's posts from around 2.30 pm — in particular his assertions regarding saturation of the absorption band and measurements of OLR.

In addition, some of the absorption bands overlap.

Going further with the point made in that section: What is happening is that the sides of the absorption band (the «wings») are getting blocked, which were hardly affected before.

Second, robotic probes have measured Venus» atmosphere to be about 97 % CO2, and we can see from the image above (click for a larger version) that the absorption spectrum for CO2 (at Earth temperature and pressure — Venusian temperature and pressure increases the width of the absorption bands, making CO2 a stronger absorber in Venus» atmosphere than in Earth's) strongly overlaps the peak emission spectrum of Venus» surface.

Note that this book was written before the 1950s, which is when the importance of the wings of the absorption band and of where in the atmosphere the absorption is significant was first widely understood.

The basic points, in a nutshell, is that one has to go beyond the first absorption and subsequent emission to consider the full problem of multiple absorptions and emissions and one has to consider the «wings» of the absorption band rather than it just being a binary problem of absorption or no absorption at a given wavelength.

That is, with more carbon dioxide there are additional frequencies along the skirts of the absorption band for which the atmosphere becomes opaque.

1) The «edges» of the absorption bands do not absorb so well (dropping to zero over some finite range of wavelengths.

Not exact matches

«Its absorption range covers a broad band from 0.7 to 1.9 gigahertz below -10 decibel, and the total thickness of the absorber is only 7.8 millimeters, which is one of the thinnest microwave absorbers reported.»

They found absorption bands characteristic of the iron in volcanic glass, a shiny substance similar to obsidian that forms when magma cools too fast for its minerals to crystallise (Geology, DOI: 10.1130 / G32755.1).

This conduction band state is therefore sensitive to a modulation of the distance Q between Lithium nucleus and Borohydride group and as a result the x-ray absorption process is sensitive to such a modulation (cf. Figs. 2 (b) and 3 (d) in the main article).

But others, such as the band gap and shape of the optical absorption changed dramatically, so the properties of the material become qualitatively different.

The color coding shows the strength of the organics absorption band, with warmer colors indicating the highest concentrations.

At Princeton, he made balloon observations of cool stars in the infrared, which showed their huge water absorption bands.

Some important work can be done in the 1 - 2.5 µm region - mainly on absorption spectra of combination bands, which are weaker than fundamental bands by large factors (typically 100 or more).

Just to expand on that a little — the distribution of population among the quantum states of the greenhouse gas molecules is actually set in two ways; by collisons with air molecules (ie both greenhouse gas molecules and non-greenhouse gas molecules) and by excitation as a result of absorption in that greenhouse gases» bands.

This makes it crucial to constrain the environment of H2O ice to enable correct assignments of other species contributing to the interstellar 6 um absorption band.

Doppler RV is measured through monitoring interference fringe shifts of stellar absorption lines over a broad band.

She seems to have beaten John Tyndall to the discovery of the infrared absorption bands of greenhouse gasses by a few years:

Those most similar to class M stars have strong ZrO absorption bands analogous to the TiO bands of class M stars, whereas those most similar to carbon stars have strong sodium D lines and weak C2 bands.

The CO2 climate forcing does not increase as rapidly as the CO2 amount because of partial saturation of CO2 absorption bands [75].

We tentatively detected radius variations with wavelength for both planets, in particular in the case of WASP - 45 b we found a slightly larger absorption in the redder bands than in the bluer ones.

(Pressure does broaden the absorption bands of GHGs.)

In escaping Fate, Justin attaches himself to a band of quirky characters who will help him move beyond his self - absorption into the fold of family and friends.

Just to expand on that a little — the distribution of population among the quantum states of the greenhouse gas molecules is actually set in two ways; by collisons with air molecules (ie both greenhouse gas molecules and non-greenhouse gas molecules) and by excitation as a result of absorption in that greenhouse gases» bands.

It's more useful to think of the stratosphere and above as being radiatively heated / cooled in specific bands (as opposed to a more general absorption / emission in the troposphere — mainly due to water vapour).

A simple example is the radiation code — instead of using a line - by - line code which would resolve the absorption at over 10,000 individual wavelengths, a GCM generally uses a broad - band approximation (with 30 to 50 bands) which gives very close to the same results as a full calculation.

As the radiation in that particular wavelength band is used up, the amount left for absorption by more of the gas is reduced.

The reason for this is as follows: Carbon dioxide has three absorption bands at wavelengths of 4.26, 7.52, and 14.99 micrometers (microns).13 The Earth's emission spectrum, treated as a black body (no atmospheric absorption), peaks at between 15 and 20 microns, and falls off rapidly with decreasing wavelength.

The CO2 doesn't alter climate by affecting thermal mass; it affects climate by retarding the efficiency of infrared radiation, and it has important IR absorption bands in places where water is ineffective.

As a result, the carbon dioxide absorption bands at 4.26 and 7.52 microns contribute little to the absorption of thermal radiation compared to the band at 14.99 microns.

``... The MSUs are cross-track scanners with measurements of microwave radiance in four channels ranging from 50.3 to 57.95 GHz on the lower shoulder of the Oxygen absorption band.

It is really hard to understand how anybody could avoid the idea that the absorption bands of every gas have been cataloged and re-measured about a jillion times.

CO2 absorbs most all of the surface radiation in its absorption bands within tens of meters from the surface.

I don't know how absorption probabilities go with pressure off the top of my head, but for sure they decrease with decreasing pressure; focusing on band structure while excluding the huge drop in number density with altitude is obfuscatory.

It also seems that even though the selective absorption of specific energy bands by different molecules IS the mechanism to add energy to the air, the energy absorbed by CO2 & especially Water Vapor is extremely rapidly dispersed by molecular collisions to ALL the components of the atmosphere, so that the N2 and O2 also heatup, and all the atmospheric components assume a uniform temperature (ie global warming).

Examples of magnetic dipole radiation are the well - known atmospheric absorption bands of oxygen in the red... and the new infrared atmospheric absorption band of O2, at 1.27 microns.»

Which references... «Absolute Intensities of the Discrete and Continuous Absorption Bands of Oxygen Gas at 1.26 and 1.065 Micron» (1965, Badger et al.) https://authors.library.caltech.edu/10448/1/BADjcp65.pdf «Molecular oxygen (O2) has absorption bands throughout the spectrum from the infrared (IR) to the ultraviolet... The oxygen absorptions at 1.06 and 1.27 um may be attributed to two types of absorption (1) from individual O2 molecules and (2) from O2 molecules that are involved in some interaction through collisions or transient pairings with other molecules (in this case either O2 or NAbsorption Bands of Oxygen Gas at 1.26 and 1.065 Micron» (1965, Badger et al.) https://authors.library.caltech.edu/10448/1/BADjcp65.pdf «Molecular oxygen (O2) has absorption bands throughout the spectrum from the infrared (IR) to the ultraviolet... The oxygen absorptions at 1.06 and 1.27 um may be attributed to two types of absorption (1) from individual O2 molecules and (2) from O2 molecules that are involved in some interaction through collisions or transient pairings with other molecules (in this case either O2 or N2).&rBands of Oxygen Gas at 1.26 and 1.065 Micron» (1965, Badger et al.) https://authors.library.caltech.edu/10448/1/BADjcp65.pdf «Molecular oxygen (O2) has absorption bands throughout the spectrum from the infrared (IR) to the ultraviolet... The oxygen absorptions at 1.06 and 1.27 um may be attributed to two types of absorption (1) from individual O2 molecules and (2) from O2 molecules that are involved in some interaction through collisions or transient pairings with other molecules (in this case either O2 or Nabsorption bands throughout the spectrum from the infrared (IR) to the ultraviolet... The oxygen absorptions at 1.06 and 1.27 um may be attributed to two types of absorption (1) from individual O2 molecules and (2) from O2 molecules that are involved in some interaction through collisions or transient pairings with other molecules (in this case either O2 or N2).&rbands throughout the spectrum from the infrared (IR) to the ultraviolet... The oxygen absorptions at 1.06 and 1.27 um may be attributed to two types of absorption (1) from individual O2 molecules and (2) from O2 molecules that are involved in some interaction through collisions or transient pairings with other molecules (in this case either O2 or Nabsorption (1) from individual O2 molecules and (2) from O2 molecules that are involved in some interaction through collisions or transient pairings with other molecules (in this case either O2 or N2).»

Thus, there are no strong infrared absorption bands due to dipole transitions as in the case of the major greenhouse gases.

Well, if we add atmospheric absorption to wavelengths just outside the first band, there could be initial cooling of lower levels and warming of upper levels as explained in 1b, which will be enhanced if this is added at shorter wavelengths (reduced if addeed at longer wavelengths) relative to where the initial atmopsheric absorption was (see 438).

Thus, adding absorption to some new band will initially tend to warm the colder upper atmosphere and radiatively cool the lower atmosphere and warm the surface (The forcing at any level will be positive, so the surface + troposphere will warm; if some of the increased flux escaping in parts of the spectrum where the abover layers have sufficiently small optical thickness, some of the upper - level cooling will persist.

The line broadenning takes some optical thickness from the line centers and puts it into gaps between closely - spaced lines, so that there can be significant absorption over a contiuous band of wavelengths.

The magnitude of the radiative forcing per doubling is equal to the effect of band widenning, which is (BW1 + BW2) * depth of valley or height of hill, plus some additional effect in the center of the band, which is on the order of 1/2 * (BW1 + BW2) * increase in height or depth of hill or valley; the central contribution could be more or less than that, but it will be less than double (because the shape of the absorption spectrum won't allow a square shape in the graph of the spectral flux).

The shape of the CO2 absorption band, in terms of CSD per unit CO2 concentration, can be approximated as having a peak at some frequency (designated ν0) or wavelength (about 15 microns for CO2) with, on each side of that peak, a halving of that optical thickness for each amount BW1 or BW2 that one moves away from the center (toward lower or higher frequency, respectively)