[29] Thesis of Nicolas Pouvreau Three hundreds years
of tide gauge measurements: tools, methods and components of the sea level at Brest http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/35/36/60/PDF/ThesePOUVREAU.pdf
The authors instead assume from other published studies
of tide gauge measurements that the ~ 1.5 mm / yr sea level rise over the past 150 + years began at that point in time.
Not exact matches
Raw data collected from altimeters have been re-processed and collated with wind speed data from scatterometers and sea level
measurements from
tide gauges, to show the spatial structure
of each storm.
«The
tide gauge measurements are essential for determining the uncertainty in the GMSL (global mean sea level) acceleration estimate,» said co-author Gary Mitchum, USF College
of Marine Science.
(Parenthetically,
tide gauge measurements of sea level are made relative to the adjacent land, and have shown sea level rises encroaching on the shoreline).
The core samples were then tested against
tide -
gauge measurements and then corrected against the vertical movement
of the land.
Note that this sampling noise in the
tide gauge data most likely comes from the water sloshing around in the ocean under the influence
of winds etc., which looks like sea - level change if you only have a very limited number
of measurement points, although this process can not actually change the true global - mean sea level.
Shown is the past history
of sea level since the year 1700 from proxy data (sediments, purple) and multiple records from
tide gauge measurements.
To extract the signal
of sea level change due to ocean water volume and other oceanographic change, land motions need to be removed from the
tide gauge measurement.
Measurements of present - day sea level change rely on two different techniques:
tide gauges and satellite altimetry (Section 5.5.2).
The biggest problem in comparing long - term SL records has been that the
tide gauge method
of measurement was replaced with satellite altimetry around 1993.
The Challenger expedition
measurements also revealed that thermal expansion
of sea water caused by global warming contributed about 40 percent
of the total sea level rise seen in
tide gauges from 1873 to 1955.
To conduct the research, a team
of scientists led by John Fasullo
of the US National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, combined data from three sources: NASA's GRACE satellites, which make detailed
measurements of Earth's gravitational field, enabling scientists to monitor changes in the mass
of continents; the Argo global array
of 3,000 free - drifting floats, which measure the temperature and salinity
of the upper layers
of the oceans; and satellite - based altimeters that are continuously calibrated against a network
of tide gauges.
I realize that tidal
gauge measurements for assessing sea level rise has met with some skepticism because
of multiple
measurement issues including
tides, ground water pumping and subsidence, tectonic plate movement, glacial rebound, etc..
As can be seen in an inset
of the graph above,
tide gauge and satellite altimeter
measurements track each other with remarkable similarity.
Tide Gauge Evidence: Sea Levels Rose Faster Before 1950 Than Since In recent years it has become increasingly apparent that tide gauge measurements of sea level rise often do not align with climate model expectati
Tide Gauge Evidence: Sea Levels Rose Faster Before 1950 Than Since In recent years it has become increasingly apparent that tide gauge measurements of sea level rise often do not align with climate model expectat
Gauge Evidence: Sea Levels Rose Faster Before 1950 Than Since In recent years it has become increasingly apparent that
tide gauge measurements of sea level rise often do not align with climate model expectati
tide gauge measurements of sea level rise often do not align with climate model expectat
gauge measurements of sea level rise often do not align with climate model expectations.
To test the validity
of their approach, the team compared its reconstructions with
tide -
gauge measurements from North Carolina for the past 80 years, and global
tide -
gauge records for the past 300 years.
Satellite technology was introduced to provide more objective
measurement of the sea level rise because properly adjusted
tide gauge data was not fitting Alarmists» claims.