143 William H. Calvin, «Rediscovery and the cognitive aspects
of toolmaking: Lessons from the handaxe,» short commentary at http://faculty.washington.edu/wcalvin/2001/handaxe.htm
Hominids start to use stone tools regularly, created by splitting pebbles — this starts Oldowan tradition
of toolmaking, which last a million years
«They've reached levels
of toolmaking proficiency generally associated with an animal with a big brain, dextrous hands and symbolic language — in other words humans,» says Gavin Hunt, a biologist at the University of Auckland.
Only the groups in which gestural or verbal teaching was allowed performed significantly above the reverse engineering baseline on several indicators
of toolmaking skill, such as the total number of flakes produced that were long enough and sharp enough to be viable and the proportion of hits that resulted in a viable flake.
Not exact matches
We provide expertise in fine
toolmaking, machining, precision finishing
of products and hardening and grinding which can be used to develop prototype instruments.
New Caledonian crows may force us to reassess the mental abilities
of our first
toolmaking ancestors.
Another weakness
of the study, Stout adds, is that the subjects were given only 5 minutes to learn the
toolmaking techniques, and then no more than 25 minutes to produce Oldowan flakes.
The researchers conclude that the successful spread
of even the earliest known
toolmaking technology, more than 2 million years ago, would have required the capacity for teaching, and probably also the beginnings
of spoken language — what the researchers call protolanguage.
Major changes in Stone Age
toolmaking in the area were less dependent on movements
of H. sapiens out
of Africa than investigators have often proposed, Pappu contends.
Those scattered, humanlike populations shared a common
toolmaking ancestry, «but perhaps little else,» contends Adler,
of the University
of Connecticut in Storrs.
Genetic evidence suggests H. sapiens spread across South Asia only after 60,000 years ago, possibly influencing
toolmaking techniques
of the region's native Homo populations only at that late date, Petraglia suggests.
One
of these offshoots evolved long legs,
toolmaking hands and an enormous brain.
For much more on the
toolmaking crows
of New Caledonia read the Look!
The remarkable
toolmaking talent
of a New Caledonian crow called Betty has challenged the chimpanzee's reputation as the most proficient toolmaker in the animal world.
Perhaps they wanted to keep the stinky fumes
of fires for cooking or
toolmaking away from their home caves, and so they lit those fires farther afield — where the evidence more easily washed away, or hasn't yet been found.
Although meat eating helped to shape the evolution
of human brains, behavior and
toolmaking, our early ancestors seem to have been better scavengers than hunters
A 790,000 - year - old hominid settlement in northern Israel, excavated by archaeologists from the Hebrew University
of Jerusalem, appears to have been divided into distinct functional spaces, with a hearthside food preparation area and a spot dedicated to flint
toolmaking.
«It's been proposed that Neanderthals depended on visual - spatial abilities and
toolmaking, for survival, more so than on the social affiliation and group activities that typify the success
of modern humans — and that Neanderthal brains evolved to preferentially support these visuospatial functions,» Berman explained.
To test whether learning with language impacts which brain networks are involved in stone
toolmaking, 15
of the 31 participants learned to knap stone via verbal instruction by watching videos
of a skilled knapper's hands during individual training sessions.
LEAKEYS DENY, Roger Lewin, Ed., Research News, Science, Richard and his parents, Louis and Mary, have held to a view
of human origins for nearly half a century now that the line
of true man, the line
of Homo - large brain,
toolmaking and so on - has a separate ancestry that goes back millions and millions
of years.
In the Brevia section
of the 9 August 2002 issue
of Science, Weir et al. report a remarkable observation: The
toolmaking behavior
of New Caledonian crows.