It refers to the process of creating an integrated circuit (IC) by combining thousands
of transistors into a single chip.
Microchips continue to become more powerful as designers find ways to cram greater numbers
of transistors into tighter spaces.
Not exact matches
For decades, we lived within Moore's Law, which predicted that the number
of transistors packed
into a processor would double every two years, providing a steady gallop
of technology improvement.
By the early 2000s,
transistor size had dipped below a ten - millionth
of a meter, bringing computers and cell phones
into the nano realm.
New types
of solar cells and flexible
transistors are also in the works, as well as pressure and temperature sensors that could be built
into electronic skin for robotic or bionic applications.
Henning Sirringhaus
of Cambridge and his colleagues describe in Science how they fashioned this polymer
into an organic
transistor and used it to drive a conventional polymer - based LED built directly on top.
The sandwiches can be sculpted
into numerous basic devices such as
transistors, light detectors and light emitters, says Wasiq Bokhari, CEO
of Bioident Technologies in Menlo Park, Calif., a U.S. subsidiary
of Nanoident.
When the buffer is placed on top
of the CNT FET, the voltage across the device causes the molecules in the buffer to arrange
into an electrically stable bilayer above the
transistor.
They then attached strips
of gold to both ends
of each nanotube, creating a
transistor, and linked up to three such devices in various ways to make circuits that would execute simple logical functions: flipping a signal from off to on or vice versa, turning two off signals
into an on, storing a unit
of information or creating an oscillating signal.
Novoselov says the miniature
transistor will be well suited for the demands
of ever - shrinking electronic devices, which require a lot
of power packed
into a small area.
Computer engineers have dreamed
of a machine that would translate speech
into something that a vacuum tube or
transistor could understand.
He could see that Moore's Law, which observes that the number
of transistors crammed
into integrated circuits doubles every two years, would eventually plateau, «which is what is happening right now,» says Knight.
It was roughly 15 years ago that carbon nanotubes were first fashioned
into transistors, the on - off switches at the heart
of digital electronic systems.
«We've found a way to integrate high - frequency active
transistors into a useful circuit that can be wireless,» says Ma, whose work was supported by the Air Force Office
of Scientific Research.
The team hopes to link nanofluidic
transistors together
into an integrated circuit within the year as the next step to harnessing massive numbers
of transistors in parallel.
Built
into the receiver are low - noise amplifiers on the basis
of high - speed
transistors using indium - gallium - arsenide - semiconductor layers with very high electron mobility.
The sensors, which the researchers have already shrunk to a 1 millimeter cube — about the size
of a large grain
of sand — contain a piezoelectric crystal that converts ultrasound vibrations from outside the body
into electricity to power a tiny, on - board
transistor that is in contact with a nerve or muscle fiber.
On page 314
of this issue, Tee et al. (3) report a Digital Tactile System («DiTact») based on a low - power flexible organic
transistor circuit that transduces pressure stimuli
into oscillating signals like those generated by skin mechanoreceptors.
This means that what previously would have taken centimetres to achieve can now be realised on the micrometre (one millionth
of a metre) scale, bringing optical processing
into the range
of electrical
transistors, which currently power personal computers.
To work around the limits
of that approach, Intel flipped the planar
transistor's silicon on its side
into a fin that juts up out
of the plane
of the chip.
Moore's Law keeps defying the pessimists because a brigade
of materials scientists continues to find ways
of stretching today's silicon
transistor technology even as they dig
into alternatives
Such materials may provide insight
into quantum physics and have possible applications in creating
transistors based on the spin
of particles rather than their charge.
We have seen piezoelectric
transistors incorporated
into synthetic skins making them sensitive enough to read fingerprints, other approaches that use multipurpose sensors to detect temperature and humidity in addition to pressure, and others that use pressure - sensitive materials made from inorganic semiconductors to only use a small amounts
of power.
Even the most sophisticated chips to date have (millions
of)
transistors embedded within them and configured
into complex circuits, assigned with many discrete and specific operations through different stages.
Windshield Displays Organic Light Emitting Diode, or OLED, and Transparent Thin - Film
Transistor, also called T - TFT, technologies might turn your windscreen
into a panoramic flat - screen display, an epicenter for an endless supply
of vehicle information and entertainment.
Providing insight
into a frustrating inconsistency in the performance
of electronics made with organic materials, Stanford researchers have shown that the way boundaries between individual crystals in a film are aligned can make a 70-fold difference in how easily current, or electrical charges, can move through
transistors.
Set in a futuristic world on the brink
of ruin, players step
into the shoes
of Red, a singer whose voice was stolen by the very weapon she wields — the
Transistor.
This week, Eric joins the boys
of Summer, Robert becomes one
of Destiny's Children, Jeremy lets loose with a pent - up pile
of game impressions, and Sage transforms
Transistor impressions
into an onslaught
of innuendo.
Transistor belies its generic name by being anything but run -
of - the - mill; it's an action game with turn - based combat: a combination that, before you get
into it, will cause you to take a step back and ask
of developer SuperGiant games, «Will they get away with it??».
The artistic direction in both games is some
of the best I've ever seen in the industry, with
Transistor standing out especially as a game that to this day I can not fathom just how much work was put
into every single environment.
At first I thought it a bit
of an obnoxious idea, broadcasting music out
into the silent wilderness, but when we're out there and we tune in on small
transistor radios, it is pretty cool.