Sentences with phrase «of translation initiation»

Inhibition of protein synthesis is thought to occur at the step of translation initiation.

The Initiation Codon Determines the Efficiency but Not the Site of Translation Initiation in Chlamydomonas Chloroplasts

Our laboratory has spent many years delineating the regulation of translation initiation by the mTORC1 and ERK signaling cascades during LTP, LTD, and memory formation in the hippocampus.

We also show that a general repression of translation, mediated by the phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eIF2 at serine 51 (P - eIF2α), is required to maintain the quiescent state.

Not exact matches

EF - P facilitates the proper positioning of the fMet - tRNAifMet for the formation of the first peptide bond during translation initiation.

The role of miRNAs and of their close cousins small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in RNA silencing is discussed by Zamore and Haley (p. 1519), and illustrated in the poster pullout in this issue and in research showing that miRNAs can repress the initiation of translation (p. 1573) and, intriguingly, can also increase mRNA abundance (p. 1577).

The team confirmed that guanabenz acts by temporarily blocking the reactivation of a protein known as eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α).

«These RNA molecules will fold into shapes that appear to mimic some of the initiation factors that that you would find in eukaryotic translation,» he says.

The mechanism of action for translation enhancing elements is still obscure, particularly in the case of internal ribosomal initiation sites.

The virus was most likely blocking the initiation of cellular translation.

Before, that protein was thought to be just one of a dozen or so general initiation factors required for mRNA translation.

Roughly 20 percent of the translation enhancing elements functioned as internal ribosomal initiation sites, again turning up primarily in non-coding genomic regions.

This includes how subtle changes in gene sequences can impact the expression of encoded proteins through mechanisms including codon bias, mRNA stability, and translation initiation.

Translation initiation site of Gag polyprotein is indicated.

It has been reported that the yeast homologue of DDX3, Ded1, is essential for translation initiation (6), and DDX3 is able to rescue Ded1 - deficient yeast mutants (4).

The translation initiation factor, eIF4E, is an indirect target of mTOR because it is released by phosphorylation of its repressor 4E - BP1 by mTOR - raptor complex, thereby stimulating cap - dependent translation (7, 11, 12).

In a second scheme, transcription activator - like effector nucleases (TALENs) were targeted to sequences near the translation - initiation site of CCHa2 - R to create a frame - shift mutation in the CCHa2 - R coding region [24].

Ilona Kats is a graduate student in the Neuroscience program interested in the mechanism of cap - dependent translation initiation in autism and synaptic plasticity.

However, some bicistronic vectors take advantage of an element called an Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES) to allow for initiation of translation from an internal region of the mRNA.

Internal initiation of translation of eukaryotic mRNA directed by a sequence derived from poliovirus RNA.

Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid β - peptide; AD, Alzheimer's disease; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Ambra1, activating molecule in Beclin -1-regulated autophagy; AMPK, AMP - activated protein kinase; APP, amyloid precursor protein; AR, androgen receptor; Atg, autophagy - related; AV, autophagic vacuole; Bcl, B - cell lymphoma; BH3, Bcl - 2 homology 3; CaMKKβ, Ca2 + - dependent protein kinase kinase β; CHMP2B, charged multivesicular body protein 2B; CMA, chaperone - mediated autophagy; 2 ′ 5 ′ ddA, 2 ′, 5 ′ - dideoxyadenosine; deptor, DEP - domain containing mTOR - interacting protein; DRPLA, dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy; 4E - BP1, translation initiation factor 4E - binding protein - 1; Epac, exchange protein directly activated by cAMP; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ERK1 / 2, extracellular - signal - regulated kinase 1/2; ESCRT, endosomal sorting complex required for transport; FAD, familial AD; FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; FIP200, focal adhesion kinase family - interacting protein of 200 kDa; FoxO3, forkhead box O3; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; FTD3, FTD linked to chromosome 3; GAP, GTPase - activating protein; GR, guanidine retinoid; GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase 3; HD, Huntington's disease; hiPSC, human induced pluripotent stem cell; hVps, mammalian vacuolar protein sorting homologue; IKK, inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase; IMPase, inositol monophosphatase; IP3R, Ins (1,4,5) P3 receptor; I1R, imidazoline - 1 receptor; JNK1, c - Jun N - terminal kinase 1; LC3, light chain 3; LD, Lafora disease; L - NAME, NG - nitro - L - arginine methyl ester; LRRK2, leucine - rich repeat kinase 2; MIPS, myo - inositol -1-phosphate synthase; mLST8, mammalian lethal with SEC13 protein 8; MND, motor neuron disease; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; mTORC, mTOR complex; MVB, multivesicular body; NAC, N - acetylcysteine; NBR1, neighbour of BRCA1 gene 1; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; p70S6K, ribosomal protein S6 kinase - 1; PD, Parkinson's disease; PDK1, phosphoinositide - dependent kinase 1; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3 - kinase; PI3KC1a, class Ia PI3K; PI3KC3, class III PI3K; PI3KK, PI3K - related protein kinase; PINK1, PTEN - induced kinase 1; PKA, protein kinase A; PLC, phospholipase C; polyQ, polyglutamine; PS, presenilin; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10; Rag, Ras - related GTP - binding protein; raptor, regulatory - associated protein of mTOR; Rheb, Ras homologue enriched in brain; rictor, rapamycin - insensitive companion of mTOR; SBMA, spinobulbar muscular atrophy; SCA, spinocerebellar ataxia; SLC, solute carrier; SMER, small - molecule enhancer of rapamycin; SMIR, small - molecule inhibitor of rapamycin; SNARE, N - ethylmaleimide - sensitive factor - attachment protein receptor; SOD1, copper / zinc superoxide dismutase 1; TFEB, transcription factor EB; TOR, target of rapamycin; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex; ULK1, UNC -51-like kinase 1; UVRAG, UV irradiation resistance - associated gene; VAMP, vesicle - associated membrane protein; v - ATPase, vacuolar H + - ATPase; Vps, vacuolar protein sorting

What they all have in common is the ability to spark translation initiation independent of the 5» cap.

It performs numerous essential functions during translation, including formation of the initiation complex and proofreading of base - pairs between mRNA codons and tRNA anticodons.

Ostroff LE, Botsford B, Gindina S, Cowansage KK, LeDoux JE, Klann E, Hoeffer C. (2017) Accumulation of Polyribosomes in Dendritic Spine Heads, But Not Bases and Necks, during Memory Consolidation Depends on Cap - Dependent Translation Initiation.

His basic research is focused on understanding how eukaryotic mRNAs recruit ribosomes, how ribosomes subsequently locate initiation codons, and how ribosomes regulate the translation of specific subsets of mRNAs.

The Art of Transcendence Required Reading: Yoga Nidra, Swami Satyananda Saraswati Yoga Nidra, Richard Miller The Path of Fire and Light Volume 2, Swami Rama The Power of Mantra and the Mystery of Initiation, Pandit Rajmani Tigunait The Four Desires and supplemental cd, Rod Stryker The Upanishads (any translation) The Art of Transcendence Suggested Reading: The Four Desires Supplemental CD, Rod Stryker Finding the Hidden Self (Shiva Sutras), Roger Worthington, PhD At the Eleventh Hour, Pandit Rajmani Tigunait

Leucine regulates translation initiation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle after exercise.

Other studies have shown that soy protein is less effective for body builders than whey protein because its amino acids are more likely to go into splanchnic circulation (stomach, small intestines, colon, liver, pancreas and spleen) than into peripheral regions such as muscle tissues.4, 5 This makes sense because whey protein provides greater amounts of the branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) leucine, isoleucine and valine as well as more methionine and lysine, all of which are critically needed for muscle building.6 - 9 Researchers have also found the low BCAA content of soy protein adversely affects muscle building by disrupting both leucine signaling10 and the activation of myogenic translation initiation factors.

HMB stimulates protein synthesis in muscle by multiple mechanisms, including the mTOR / p70S6k pathway, which stimulates translation initiation of protein synthesis.

We hypothesized that compared to post-exercise protein intake, co-ingestion of alcohol would down - regulate translation initiation signaling and decrease rates of MPS.

Leucine supplementation of a low - protein meal increases skeletal muscle and visceral tissue protein synthesis in neonatal pigs by stimulating mTOR - dependent translation initiation

mTORC1 is the central component of the insulin - signaling cascade [insulin / insulin - like growth factor (IGF)-- phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase (PI3K) pathway)(Fig. 1) that regulates protein synthesis and mRNA translation through 2 primary mechanisms: 1) inactivation of the repressor of mRNA translation, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E - binding protein 1 (eIF4E - BP1), and 2) the activation of 70 - kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase.