Sentences with phrase «of tumor response»
According to the head of the research group of chemoresistance and Predictors of tumor response and stromal environment ICO - IDIBELL, Alberto Villanueva, «tumor exosomes contain certain proteins (Dicer, TRBP and Ago2) able to process microRNAs that can alter the around the tumor cells transforming them into tumoral cells.»
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In rare cases, anxiety could be triggered by the growth of a tumor that initiates the flight or fight response.
The introduction of infant formula to babies» diets changes the infants» gut microbiome, thus affecting the response of the infant immune system to pathogens.47 - 51 A greater amount of natural - killer cells, suggesting a more mature immune system, have been found in breastfed infants than in formula - fed infants.52 In addition, pH level in the stomach of breastfed children is better for the promotion of the protein - lipid α - lactalbumin (termed HAMLET), which induces apoptosislike death in tumor cells.51, 53
An immune response, triggered by foreign neural stem cells, could actually help attack tumors, says Evan Snyder, a stem cell biologist at Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute in San Diego, California, and one of the early pioneers of the idea of using stem cells to attack tumors.
By comparing the results to cells from paired normal tissue, researchers get a detailed molecular picture of the tumor environment, including the types and activity levels of T cells that are critical to the immunotherapy response.
«This research represents a big step forward in understanding why some tumors are more aggressive than others and being able to predict rationally which neoantigens will be the most effective at stimulating an immune response,» said Dr. Balachandran, a member of the David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research at MSK, and corresponding author of the companion study in Nature.
«This approach will hopefully lead to better mechanistic predictive modeling of response and future design of therapies that further take advantage of how the immune system recognizes tumors.»
On its own, this immune response had no immediate effect in the fight against the utilized breast tumors, but in combination with the ADC it proved itself effective in attacking cancer cells in mice, resulting in the complete cure of the majority of mice receiving the combination therapy.
Recent advances in the understanding of cancer have led to more personalized therapies, such as drugs that target particular proteins and tests that analyze gene expression patterns in tumors to predict a patient's response to therapy.
Overall, 34 percent of patients showed an objective response, meaning that their tumors shrank by more than 30 percent, and did not re-grow.
«For patients who have not responded to prior therapies, this drug now provides a very real chance to shrink their tumors and the hope of a lasting response to treatment.»
This is one of the first research studies to highlight the importance of the location of the metastasis as well as the location of the original primary tumor, in predicting response to radiation therapy.
Lo's team set out to find ways to further weaken the tumors, since the drug addiction response (which can range from a mere slow down of the cancer's growth rate to cancer cell death), can be used to improve clinical outcomes.
«This model was trained on genetic data from human tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas and was able to predict response to certain inhibitors that affect cancers with overactive Ras signaling in an encyclopedia of cancer cell lines,» Greene said.
Led by researchers at the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center — Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC — James), the retrospective study suggested that a pattern of molecules called microRNA (miRNA) in tumor cells might predict patients» response to radiation therapy.
In addition to formulating diagnostic strategies for cancer immunotherapy agents, her team is focused on developing a deep understanding of tumor immune biology as well as mechanisms associated with immune response and immune escape in cancer patients, with the intent of generating rational strategies for the creation of combination therapies.
Even with the cancers that are further along in their immunotherapy responses, a «certain fraction of those kinds of tumors, I don't know we'll ever cure,» Allison says.
They then tracked the responses of both tumors.
«It suggests there's a common mechanism in both species for susceptibility to tumor progression that may involve subversion of the host immune response.
Responses are dramatic — you often have complete tumor shrinkage in a matter of weeks.
Dr. Joaquín Espinosa is enthusiastic about the results of his study, «The constant activation of the Interferon response could explain many aspects of Down syndrome, such as cognitive deficit, stunted growth, increased prevalence of autoimmune disorders, high risk of Alzheimer's disease, and protection against solid tumors.»
«Even a small amount of infection with oHSV appears to be enough to trigger an immune response to the tumor.»
«Studies like the current one involving rhabdomyosarcoma are giving us a close - up look at the way cancer evolves in response to treatment,» said study co-author Richard K. Wilson, Ph.D., director of The Genome Institute at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, where scientists have extensive expertise analyzing tumor recurrence using whole - genome sequencing.
The personalized vaccine is made from patients» own immune cells, which are exposed in the laboratory to the contents of the patients» tumor cells, and then injected into the patients to initiate a wider immune response.
«Overall, survival for patients with recurrent rhabdomyosarcoma is just 17 percent, and until now nothing was known about how tumors evolve in response to therapy,» said corresponding author Michael Dyer, Ph.D., a member of the St. Jude Department of Developmental Neurobiology and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator.
Half of the patients that could be evaluated showed big increases in the numbers of T - cells specifically reactive to tumor material, indicating a good response to vaccination.
«The effective immune response didn't happen in every tumor model we tested, so we still need to figure out exactly what triggered the tumor shrinkage and how to predict which tumors will shrink in response to virotherapy,» said Leddon, who is also working toward her medical and doctoral degrees at the University of Cincinnati.
The researchers believe that effective cancer therapy in the future will require the combined action of drugs that target both the tumor and its adaptive responses to initial therapies.
«The idea is to mobilize an immune response that will target the tumor very broadly, hitting a variety of markers including some that would be found only on that particular tumor,» Tanyi said.
Twenty of the 23 patients had a measurable response to the treatment, with four achieving a complete response — in which no detectable tumor was left — and 16 having a partial response — in which their tumors shrank to less than half their original size.
Less suppression of the immune response and less blood vessel formation in the tumor leads to less tumor growth.
The use of a personalized approach was associated with higher response rate of 24.5 percent in patients with solid tumors compared to 4.5 percent in non-personalized strategies.
«In the clinic, we frequently test myc levels in patients» tumors, for disease prognosis and to predict treatment response,» said Michael Pourdehnad, MD, a clinical oncologist at UCSF with Ruggero's lab and the first author of the study.
«This is a treatment that, rather than targeting cancer cells themselves, targets the immune response, reactivating the T cells in the neighborhood of the tumor cells,» Shipp remarked.
Scientists now know that what matters most in determining the behavior of a particular cancer (and its response to specific therapy) are the molecular pathways that drive malignant cell growth instead of where the tumor begins in the body.
«After just three treatment cycles, we saw tumor markers plummet and some patients» tumors shrink significantly in just nine weeks,» said Gayle Jameson, nurse practitioner and principal investigator of the clinical trial, who is highly encouraged by the response.
«But cancer cells in the lab don't necessarily indicate the response of human tumors,» Håkansson reminds the group.
This blood vessel normalization results in an increased barrier function on the one hand — thereby blocking cancer cell dissemination and metastasis - and in enhanced tumor perfusion on the other hand, which increases the response of the tumor to chemotherapy.
Their finding — that the presence of high levels of NF - κB in lung cancer tumors can act as a suppressor — provides new insight into how tumor pathways regulate the anti-tumor response.
This means that NF - κB, thought of as a tumor promoter, also helps facilitate an immune response.»
Treatment with an investigational CAR T - cell therapy induced complete remission of a brain metastasis of the difficult - to - treat tumor diffuse large - B - cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which had become resistant to chemotherapy — the first report of a response to CAR T - cells in a central nervous system lymphoma.
However, tolerance - inducing mechanisms and the presence of suppressive cell types in the tumor microenvironment can dampen the response to immunotherapy.
A team of biomedical engineers at Vanderbilt University headed by Assistant Professor Melissa Skala has developed the technique, which uses fluorescence imaging to monitor the response of three - dimensional chunks of tumors removed from patients and exposed to different anti-cancer drugs.
Doctors at the University of Arizona Cancer Center at St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center in Phoenix reported today in Lancet Oncology that a new treatment for ovarian cancer can improve response rates (increase the rate of tumor shrinkage) and prolong the time until cancers recur.
The protein sits on the surface of T cells and helps dampen the activity of the cells after an immune response, but tumors have found ways to hide from T cell attack by flipping on the PD - 1 switch themselves.
The Cancer Vaccine Collaborative is working on treatments that target multiple cancer antigens, which should trigger a more aggressive immune response and increase the odds of defeating tumors.
They are designed to get around one of the ways that cancer protects itself from the immune system: tumors can activate the body's natural protective response from autoimmunity, called a checkpoint, and thereby thwart cytotoxic T cells.
A group of researchers at Osaka University found that if DNA damage response (DDR) does not work when DNA is damaged by radiation, proteins which should be removed remain instead, and a loss of genetic information can be incited, which, when repaired incorrectly, will lead to the tumor formation.
After a median follow - up of 22 months, the team found that the drugs were safe and shrank tumors in a subset of patients, with an overall response rate of 27 percent, which included complete responses in two patients and partial responses in four patients.
The drug Rituxan, a monoclonal antibody that represses B cells in rheumatoid arthritis and B cell lymphoma, might prevent the inflammatory response that fuels formation of solid tumors.