A natural law judge would make positive laws out of his own perception
of universal moral principles.
He also denies both that the biblical grasp
of universal moral principles is irrelevant to Eastern cultures, and that the West has a monopoly on those principles.
These arguments present a special challenge to neoclassical metaphysics because they are advanced by those who, in a time when relativism in some form or other seems to be ascendant, share the affirmation
of a universal moral principle or principles.
Not exact matches
Many moralists speak
of love as the one fundamental and
universal moral principle, the golden rule honored in all traditions.
The Church was always only able to proclaim
universal moral principles, where the Christian acted as bound by the teaching
of the Church, he always had to keep his action within the framework
of the
principles of natural law and
of the Gospel which were taught by the Church.
OR, might God choose to reveal truth through the experiences
of a people who tried to be true to him, certain
moral principles, failing again and trying again, people looking for
universal truths and communicating them to their children generation after generation, orally and through writing things down, organizing themselves into communities and societies, aiming for justice, teaching each other, defending their families, lives, cities, and governments.
I have pursued an outline
of formative human rights in order to argue programmatically that a
moral and political theory backed by neoclassical metaphysics may be understood to prescribe the
universal principle of communicative respect as an indirect application
of a comprehensive telos.
Accordingly, the remainder
of this essay will proceed as follows: I will first seek to show that the meta - ethical character
of every claim to
moral validity includes a
principle of social action by which a
universal community
of rights is constituted, so that no
moral theory can be valid if it is inconsistent with these rights.
Just because it is meta - ethical, this
principle itself presupposes another or supreme
moral principle, and I will subsequently argue that the
universal set
of tights in question is an indirect application
of the teleology backed by neoclassical metaphysics.
The
principle constituting this
universal social practice is itself meta - ethical, in the following sense: the social action prescribed is explicitly neutral to all
moral disagreement.4 On the face
of it, one might object, a prescription
of universal rights can not be explicitly neutral to all such disagreement because it is not explicitly neutral to disagreement about the
principle itself.
Their chief focus is on helping people develop a personal and saving relationship to Jesus Christ and to live in peace with their neighbors by cultivating an obedience to
universal principles of moral law.
Many
of us who have written about Rawls» argument have noted that the people behind his famous «veil
of ignorance» are a peculiar kind
of people (i.e., people very much like John Rawls) and therefore can hardly serve as the normative deliberators producing
universal moral principles.
Aren't they illustrations
of universal universal moral principles.
Despite their rhetoric
of pluralism and their deconstructionist ideologies, many in practice behave as though they held Enlightenment - like self - evident
universal moral principles.
It is a
moral failure
of the worst kind to avoid the necessity
of decision - making by hiding behind a «
universal»
principle applied willy - nilly to everyone.
In Kohlberg's model, he exemplified «stage six»
moral reasoning: autonomous, conscience - oriented morality pointing toward
universal principles of justice.
But he will not admit that the uniqueness
of the
moral and Christian human being stands outside a structure
of specific
universal moral principles founded on essences.
Of course Catholic moral theology has always known that there are concrete moral situations in which the application of universal principles leads to no certain, generally accepted and theoretically unambiguous result
Of course Catholic
moral theology has always known that there are concrete
moral situations in which the application
of universal principles leads to no certain, generally accepted and theoretically unambiguous result
of universal principles leads to no certain, generally accepted and theoretically unambiguous results.
Instead, however, and as the best substitute, the Church would need to give the individual Christian three things: a more living ardour
of Christian inspiration as a basis
of individual life; an absolute conviction that the
moral responsibility
of the individual is not at an end because he does not come in conflict with any concrete instruction
of the official Church; an initiation into the holy art
of finding the concrete prescription for his own decision in the personal call
of God, in other words, the logic
of concrete particular decision which
of course does justice to
universal regulative
principles but can not wholly be deduced from them solely by explicit casuistry.
There would be questions
of systematic theology, for example those concerning the nature
of justification, the validity, and knowledge,
of the natural law within Christian morality, the possibility and recognition
of an individual call coming directly from God to the conscience in a concrete situation, and the question
of the relation
of such: a call to
universal moral principles, as well as many other questions with which the ecumenical dialogue will have to concern itself.
While a process - based ontology may avoid prescribing an immutable set
of moral principles, we may yet discern — within its existential uncertainties and contingencies — a
universal normative
principle that reflects the reciprocal causal unity and «novel togetherness»
of the many becoming one.
The second point is to draw on an analogy with language and ask whether there might be something like a
universal moral grammar, a set
of principles that every human is born with.
Here, we show that religious belief — even amidst a conflict centered on religious differences — can lead people to apply
universal moral principles similarly to believers and non-believers alike,» said Jeremy Ginges, associate professor
of psychology at the New School for Social Research.
In a real sense, Mahatma Gandhi embodied in his life certain
universal principles that are inherent in the
moral structure
of the universe, and these
principles are as inescapable as the law
of gravitation.»
In teaching religious
principles, the issue has a different set
of concerns than other subjects might, perhaps, as tenets
of a religion are presented as a
universal truth and
moral code.