Sentences with phrase «of upper ocean heat content»

Looking at the last decade, it is clear that the observed rate of change of upper ocean heat content is a little slower than previously (and below linear extrapolations of the pre-2003 model output), and it remains unclear to what extent that is related to a reduction in net radiative forcing growth (due to the solar cycle, or perhaps larger than expected aerosol forcing growth), or internal variability, model errors, or data processing — arguments have been made for all four, singly and together.

Eli, Pielke Snr says: «There does not need to be years of record to obtain statistically significant measures of upper ocean heat content.

In the present study, satellite altimetric height and historically available in situ temperature data were combined using the method developed by Willis et al. [2003], to produce global estimates of upper ocean heat content, thermosteric expansion, and temperature variability over the 10.5 - year period from the beginning of 1993 through mid-2003...

Time series of annual average global integrals of upper ocean heat content anomaly (1021 J, or ZJ) for (a) 0 — 100 m, (b) 0 — 300 m, (c) 0 — 700 m, and (d) 0 — 1800 m. Thin vertical lines denote when the coverage (Fig. 3) reaches 50 % for (a) 0 — 100 m, (b) 100 — 300 m, (c) 300 — 700 m, and (d) 900 — 1800 m. From Lyman & Johnson (2013)

Not exact matches

The team, which includes Professor Baldwin, will lead innovative new research, which aims to advance current understanding of three key conditions that influence seasonal weather across the continent — the North Atlantic upper - ocean heat content, Arctic sea - ice, and the stratosphere.

Researchers looking to solve this mystery found that ocean heat content had remained high, so a sudden chill in ocean waters (which would have caused upper layers of the seas to shrink in volume) wasn't the answer.

However, radiation changes at the top of the atmosphere from the 1980s to 1990s, possibly related in part to the El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, appear to be associated with reductions in tropical upper - level cloud cover, and are linked to changes in the energy budget at the surface and changes in observed ocean heat content.

They found increases in sea surface temperature and upper ocean heat content made the ocean more conducive to tropical cyclone intensification, while enhanced convective instability made the atmosphere more favorable for the growth of these storms.

Figure 3 is the comparison of the upper level (top 700m) ocean heat content (OHC) changes in the models compared to the latest data from NODC and PMEL (Lyman et al (2010), doi).

A comparison of the linear trends from these two series indicates that about 69 % of the increase in ocean heat content during 1955 to 1998 (the period when estimates from both time series are available) occurred in the upper 700 m of the World Oocean heat content during 1955 to 1998 (the period when estimates from both time series are available) occurred in the upper 700 m of the World OceanOcean.

To calculate the Earth's total heat content, the authors used data of ocean heat content from the upper 700 metres.

Last week there was a paper by Smith and colleagues in Science that tried to fill in those early years, using a model that initialises the heat content from the upper ocean — with the idea that the structure of those anomalies control the «weather» progression over the next few years.

The upper ocean, which scientists know captures much of the excess energy trapped in the atmosphere, also reached its largest heat content on record in 2017, Arndt said.

The authors note that more than 85 % of the global heat uptake (Q) has gone into the oceans, including increasing the heat content of the deeper oceans, although their model only accounts for the upper 700 meters.

We find that the difference between the heat balance at the top of the atmosphere and upper - ocean heat content change is not statistically significant when accounting for observational uncertainties in ocean measurements3, given transitions in instrumentation and sampling.

I don't need an assessment of the models at predicting climate metrics including upper ocean heat content.

Dr. Pielke ends his comment with a call for «independent assessments of the skill at these models at predicting climate metrics including upper ocean heat content», which of course I have no problem with at all.

One thing I would have liked to see in the paper is a quantitative side - by - side comparison of sea - surface temperatures and upper ocean heat content; all the paper says is that only «a small amount of cooling is observed at the surface, although much less than the cooling at depth» though they do report that it is consistent with 2 - yr cooling SST trend — but again, no actual data analysis of the SST trend is reported.

On millennial scales, the oceans take up heat, lots of it; upper 2.5 m has the heat content of the entire atmosphere (from a Wikipedia page with a title I don't recall just now).

I also tried to find an estimate of the net effect of hurricane activity on upper ocean heat content; there are some reports on individual hurricanes (http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/cyclone/data/pubs/Opal.pdf) but I couldn't find any global estimates.

Unfortunately we do not have any reliable and comprehensive measurements of upper ocean temperature and heat content prior to 2003, when ARGO measurements replaced the old expendable and spotty XBT data.

I notice in your plot of the heat content of the upper 2000 m of the world's oceans that the vertical tics represent 1e22 joules.

If you take the amount of crude oil extracted since 1850 (estimates vary, but maybe 200 billion tonnes = 200 * (10 ^ 9) * (10 ^ 3) kg) and multiply by the energy density of crude oil (~ 50MJ / kg) the result comes out at about 10 ^ 22 J which is an order of magnitude lower than the increase in ocean heat content in the upper 700m since the 1950s (~ 10 ^ 23J).

DK12 used ocean heat content (OHC) data for the upper 700 meters of oceans to draw three main conclusions: 1) that the rate of OHC increase has slowed in recent years (the very short timeframe of 2002 to 2008), 2) that this is evidence for periods of «climate shifts», and 3) that the recent OHC data indicate that the net climate feedback is negative, which would mean that climate sensitivity (the total amount of global warming in response to a doubling of atmospheric CO2 levels, including feedbacks) is low.

A comparison of the linear trends from these two series indicates that about 69 % of the increase in ocean heat content during 1955 to 1998 (the period when estimates from both time series are available) occurred in the upper 700 m of the World Oocean heat content during 1955 to 1998 (the period when estimates from both time series are available) occurred in the upper 700 m of the World OceanOcean.

(See Hansen et al, 2005: where the increase in ocean heat content per square meter of surface, in the upper 750m, according to typical models, is around 6.0 Watt · year / m2 per year, which converts to 0.7 × 10 ^ 22 Joules per year for the entire ocean as explained at Bob Tisdale's site.

Slow variations in upper ocean heat content that have been observed in the subpolar and marginal ice zone regions of the Atlantic since the mid-twentieth century are thought to be related to changes in the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC).

But that explanation is contradicted by a recent evaluation of Arctic Ocean heat content (Wunsch and Heimbach 2014 discussed here) which reveals the upper 700 meters of the Arctic Ocean have been cooling.

Observations suggest lower values for climate sensitivity whether we study long - term humidity, upper tropospheric temperature trends, outgoing long wave radiation, cloud cover changes, or the changes in the heat content of the vast oceans.

Domingues et al (2008) and Levitus et al (2009) have recently estimated the multi-decadal upper ocean heat content using best - known corrections to systematic errors in the fall rate of expendable bathythermographs (Wijffels et al, 2008).

Assuming for the sake of argument that «the pause» is not an instrument error and the troposphere hasn't gotten any warmer in 16 years then this raises the question of how ocean heat content could be rising which, according to ARGO, at least the upper half of the ocean is accumulating thermal energy.

At that point you try and measure changes in heat content of the upper ocean, more precisely, the flow of energy into and out of the upper ocean by measuring the change in heat content over time.

New estimates of ocean heat content show a growing large discrepancy between ocean heat content integrated for the upper 300 vs 700 vs total depth.

«The heat content of the upper ocean is a key climate indicator, contributing to a substantial portion of the global sea level rise.

The quick tempered reaction of Poitou & Bréon: «Again a long list of nonsense in those statements» may suggest that they don't like that clouds and insolation drive the temperatures and the heat content of the upper ocean (card n ° 13).

OHC: • Different global estimates of sub-surface ocean temperatures have variations at different times and for different periods, suggesting that sub-decadal variability in the temperature and upper heat content (0 to to 700 m) is still poorly characterized in the historical record.

For example, additional evidence of a warming trend can be found in the dramatic decrease in the extent of Arctic sea ice at its summer minimum (which occurs in September), decrease in spring snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere, increases in the global average upper ocean (upper 700 m or 2300 feet) heat content (shown relative to the 1955 — 2006 average), and in sea - level rise.

Willis et al. (2004) used satellite altimetric height combined with about 900,000 in situ ocean temperature profiles to produce global estimates of upper - ocean (upper 750 m) heat content on interannual timescales from mid-1993 to 2002 (see Figure 4 - 3).

«The recent dramatic cooling of the average heat content of the upper oceans, and thus a significant negative radiative imbalance of the climate system for at least a two year period, that was mentioned in the Climate Science weblog posting of July 27, 2006, should be a wake - up call to the climate community that the focus on predictive modeling as the framework to communicate to policymakers on climate policy has serious issues as to its ability to accurately predict the behavior of the climate system.

First, the updated time series of ocean heat content presented here (Figure 1) and the newly estimated confidence limits (Figure 3) support the significance of previously reported large inter annual variability in globally integrated upper - ocean heat content [Levitus et al., 2005].

Scientific confidence of the occurrence of climate change include, for example, that over at least the last 50 years there have been increases in the atmospheric concentration of CO2; increased nitrogen and soot (black carbon) deposition; changes in the surface heat and moisture fluxes over land; increases in lower tropospheric and upper ocean temperatures and ocean heat content; the elevation of sea level; and a large decrease in summer Arctic sea ice coverage and a modest increase in Antarctic sea ice coverage.

The model originally overestimated ocean heat content in the upper 300 meters and underestimated it for 300 — 1,500 meters for the decade of 2001 — 2010.

The heat content of the upper layers of the world's oceans is the most comprehensive measure of changes in the temperature of the planet.

This modulates the flow of heat from below and hence controls upper ocean heat content.

Admittedly the data is very erratic (Lyman «but the underlying uncertainties in ocean warming are unclear, limiting our ability to assess closure of sea - level budgets»)(Trenberth «the messy data on upper - ocean heat content for 1993 — 2008 provides clear evidence for warming.

Based upon a number of climate model experiments for the twenty - first century where there are stases in global surface temperature and upper ocean heat content in spite of an identifiable global energy imbalance, we infer that the main sink of the missing energy is likely the deep ocean below 275 m depth.

We also find that H is predicted with significantly more skill by DePreSys than by NoAssim (Fig. 1B), and we conclude that the improvement of DePreSys over NoAssim in predicting Ts on interannual - to - decadal time scales results mainly from initializing upper ocean heat content.

During 600 years of the HadCM3, control integration Ts is highly correlated (correlation R = 0.89) with global annual mean ocean heat content in the upper 113 m (H).