Sentences with phrase «of upper ocean temperature»

Unfortunately we do not have any reliable and comprehensive measurements of upper ocean temperature and heat content prior to 2003, when ARGO measurements replaced the old expendable and spotty XBT data.

Not exact matches

«You can in fact reduce the upper ocean [temperature] by a degree Celsius, maybe 2, which would have a measurable effect on the intensity of the hurricane, but the practical concerns were hard to overcome.»

Linsley said the new results were «exciting,» suggesting that the «poorly understood, rapid rise» in surface temperature from 1910 to 1940 was, in part, «related to changes in trade wind strength and heat release from the upper water column» of the Pacific Ocean.

Some of the methane hydrates in the Arctic and upper continental slopes such as the northern Pacific Ocean are beginning to thaw as temperatures rise.

«The mounting evidence is coalescing around the idea that decades of stronger trade winds coincide with decades of stalls or even slight cooling of global surface temperatures, as heat is apparently transferred from the atmosphere into the upper ocean,» Linsley said.

Temperatures in the upper 700 meters of the ocean rose over the last two decades of the 20th century before flattening out in 2003.

Time series of temperature anomaly for all waters warmer than 14 °C show large reductions in interannual to inter-decadal variability and a more spatially uniform upper ocean warming trend (0.12 Wm − 2 on average) than previous results.

They found increases in sea surface temperature and upper ocean heat content made the ocean more conducive to tropical cyclone intensification, while enhanced convective instability made the atmosphere more favorable for the growth of these storms.

From 1966 to 2003 the modeled mean world ocean temperature in the upper 700 m increased 0.097 Â °C and by 0.137 Â °C according to observations (Levitus et al., 2005); the modeled mean temperature adjusted for sea ice in the corresponding layer of the Arctic Ocean increased 0.203 ocean temperature in the upper 700 m increased 0.097 Â °C and by 0.137 Â °C according to observations (Levitus et al., 2005); the modeled mean temperature adjusted for sea ice in the corresponding layer of the Arctic Ocean increased 0.203 Ocean increased 0.203 Â °C.

The oceans are heating up: Not only was Earth's temperature record warm in 2014, but so were the global oceans, as sea surface temperatures and the heat of the upper oceans also hit record highs.

New research published this week in the Journal of Climate reveals that one key measurement — large - scale upper - ocean temperature changes caused by natural cycles of the ocean — is a good indicator of regional coastal sea level changes on these decadal timescales.

They compared existing National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) records of upper - ocean temperatures in coastal waters for each U.S. ocean coastline with records of actual sea level changes from 1955 to 2012, and data from U.S. / European satellite altimeter missions since 1992.

Subsurface ocean temperature and salinity data from a world - wide network of free - driftingfloats, known as Argo, that constantly measure the temperature and salinity of the upper 2,000 meters of the ocean.

If all of this energy went into an accumulation of temperature in the upper 100 m of the global oceans, we would see an upper mean 100 m global ocean temperature increase of 1.1 oC.»

Linear trend (1955 — 2003) of zonally averaged temperature in the upper 1,500 m of the water column of the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian and World Oceans.

Figure 3 - Schematic showing the upper ocean temperature profiles during the (A) nighttime or well mixed daytime and (B) daytime during conditions conducive to the formation of a diurnal warm layer.

It is the temperature difference between the ocean surface and that of the upper level outflow that is crucial.

This recent slower warming in the upper ocean is closely related to the slower warming of the global surface temperature, because the temperature of the overlaying atmosphere is strongly coupled to the temperature of the ocean surface.

In any event, it is the predictable long term growth in temperature in the system consisting of atmosphere and upper ocean — which has no long term chaos in its climate — which provides the setting for any such surprises.

But more important than agreement with computer models is the fact that four years with no warming in the upper ocean does not erase the 50 years of warming we've seen since ocean temperature measurements became widespread....

From 1966 to 2003 the modeled mean world ocean temperature in the upper 700 m increased 0.097 Â °C and by 0.137 Â °C according to observations (Levitus et al., 2005); the modeled mean temperature adjusted for sea ice in the corresponding layer of the Arctic Ocean increased 0.203 ocean temperature in the upper 700 m increased 0.097 Â °C and by 0.137 Â °C according to observations (Levitus et al., 2005); the modeled mean temperature adjusted for sea ice in the corresponding layer of the Arctic Ocean increased 0.203 Ocean increased 0.203 Â °C.

In some rough order of certainty we can consider that the 11 year solar cycle impacts on the following are well accepted: stratospheric ozone, cosmogenic isotope production, upper atmospheric geopotential heights, stratospheric temperatures and (slightly less certain and with small magnitudes ~ 0.1 deg C) tropospheric and ocean temperatures.

The upper atmosphere has a small heat capacity and reaches equilibrium temperature in considerably under a year; this feeds back on the forcing of the trosphere + surface, which are generally convectively coupled with the ocean (strongly with the upper ocean) and take a number of years to reach equilibrium.

Thus, if the absorption of the infrared emission from atmospheric greenhouse gases reduces the gradient through the skin layer, the flow of heat from the ocean beneath will be reduced, leaving more of the heat introduced into the bulk of the upper oceanic layer by the absorption of sunlight to remain there to increase water temperature.

One thing I would have liked to see in the paper is a quantitative side - by - side comparison of sea - surface temperatures and upper ocean heat content; all the paper says is that only «a small amount of cooling is observed at the surface, although much less than the cooling at depth» though they do report that it is consistent with 2 - yr cooling SST trend — but again, no actual data analysis of the SST trend is reported.

Many of the surface currents of the world oceans (i.e., the ocean «gyres» which appear as rotating horizontal current systems in the upper ocean) are driven by the wind, however, the sinking in the Arctic is related to the buoyancy forcing (effects that change either the temperature or salinity of the water, and hence its buoyancy).

In that optic, is the cooling of the upper Atmosphere sufficient to counterbalance the warming of the troposphere, or is it necessary to investigate variations in the ocean temperature?

Argo: Argo is a global array of 3,800 free - drifting profiling floats that measures the temperature and salinity of the upper 2000 m of the ocean.

Forest et al. 2006 compares observations of multiple surface, upper air and deep - ocean temperature changes with simulations thereof by the MIT 2D climate model run at many climate parameter settings.

If you can point me to a source of complete annual data for surface, upper air and deep ocean temperatures from the HadCM2 and / or GFDL (R30b?)

If the rather quick response of CO2 rise / year just 5 - 9 months after temperature changes reflects equilibrium with the oceans, then we are only in physical contact with the upper meters of the ocean.

Yes, the first reaction is the direct effect of temperature on the upper ocean layer and vegetation growth.

If the ocean was same temperature surface to sea bed it would be impossible to raise temperature of the lower part from above without raising the temperature of the upper part, but it ain't, so it is.

The effect of temperature on oceans: An increase in (upper) ocean temperature will increase the release of CO2 in warm parts and decrease the uptake of CO2 in cold parts of the oceans.

Forest 2006, along with several other climate sensitivity studies, used simulations by the MIT 2D model of zonal surface and upper - air temperatures and global deep - ocean temperature, the upper - air data being least influential.

Temperature changes for the upper 750m of the ocean.

As I understand it, areas of the Planet such as the atmosphere, upper ocean, deep ocean etc. should, in a perfect (ly mixed) world increase in temperature uniformily (i.e. in step with each other).

Further analysis reveals that overlying surface evaporation and atmospheric convection are modulated as a result of these forced changes to the temperature of the upper coastal Atlantic Ocean.

In the present study, satellite altimetric height and historically available in situ temperature data were combined using the method developed by Willis et al. [2003], to produce global estimates of upper ocean heat content, thermosteric expansion, and temperature variability over the 10.5 - year period from the beginning of 1993 through mid-2003...

Every time the oceans get warm enough to melt polar ice it always snows enough to increase Albedo to prevent additional warming above the upper bound set by this wonderful polar ice cycle that bounds the temperature of earth.

To conduct the research, a team of scientists led by John Fasullo of the US National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, combined data from three sources: NASA's GRACE satellites, which make detailed measurements of Earth's gravitational field, enabling scientists to monitor changes in the mass of continents; the Argo global array of 3,000 free - drifting floats, which measure the temperature and salinity of the upper layers of the oceans; and satellite - based altimeters that are continuously calibrated against a network of tide gauges.

Figure 1: Global temperatures from models are calculated using air temperatures above the land surface and also from the upper few meters of the ocean.

«Storms like Harvey are helped by one of the consequences of climate change: As the air warms, some of that heat is absorbed by the ocean, which in turn raises the temperature of the sea's upper layers.

«The deployment of the Argo floats from 2000 — 2004 is a revolution in the ocean observing capabilities and it is only after 2003 that regular and spatially homogenous temperature soundings of the upper 2000 m are available» (Dr. Kevin Trenberth was a lead author of the IPCC's 2nd, 3rd and 4th Assessment Reports.)

The temperature difference of the land and upper 100 m of the ocean, between summer afternoons and winter nights is more than an order of magnitude than any proclaimed, creeping, heating process.

But the NASA researchers said their approach, described in the journal Nature Climate Change, is the first to test the idea using satellite observations, as well as direct temperature measurements of the upper ocean.

And while temperature should decrease the total amount of carbon in the upper layer of the oceans, we see an increase in carbon (and a decrease in 13C / 12C ratio)- Ice cores, tree carbon and coralline sponges all give small 13C / 12C variations over the Holocene, but all show a steady and ever faster decline since about 1850.

It is notable that this feedback is arguably the most difficult to control due to the period of several decades that would be required to restore the upper oceans» natural temperature by an Albedo Restoration program lowering the surface air temperature.

The process of evaporation also requires energy from heat, and the warmer the temperatures are in the upper ocean and at the ocean surface, the more energy is available.

The initial objective of the Argo program was to operate 3200 profiling floats in the ice - free waters from 60 ° N to 60 ° S to measure pressure, temperature, and salinity in the upper 2000 meters of the ocean.