Big cities across the Indian subcontinent also have some of the world's highest levels
of urban air pollution.
As Lloyd reported earlier this year, London's new mayor, Sadiq Kahn, is not a fan
of urban air pollution.
The combined effects
of the urban air pollution mix is also an important issue that remains unresolved.
MDs point to the known physiology of the liver, nutritionists point to the unknown composition
of urban air pollution.
«Cities need to «green up» to reduce impact of air pollution: The harmful impact
of urban air pollution could be combated by strategically placing low hedges along roads in a built - up environment of cities instead of taller trees, a new study has found.»
The harmful impact
of urban air pollution could be combated by strategically placing low hedges along roads in a built - up environment of cities instead of taller trees, a new study has found.
Not exact matches
But this research found that 18 percent
of the recent increase in
urban life expectancy was due to decreased
air pollution.
Most
urban dwellers think
of pigeons as a nuisance, but it turns out they might be useful in the fight against
air pollution.
Transportation is responsible for most
air pollution in
urban areas and produces the most greenhouse gases
of any U.S. economic sector.
In Black Mesa, Arizona, the proposal to construct six large, coal - burning electric plants and three strip mines meant that the health risks
of air and water
pollution would be suffered by a predominantly native American population, but the power generated would be distributed to distant
urban areas.
Much less is known about the impact
of environmental and psychological exposures, but some potential threats include: •
Air pollution: A small study of 60 newborns in New York City found that expectant mothers» exposure to combustion - related urban air pollution — emissions from cars, trucks, residential heating, power generation and tobacco smoking — may alter the structure of chromosomes in their fetus
Air pollution: A small study
of 60 newborns in New York City found that expectant mothers» exposure to combustion - related
urban air pollution — emissions from cars, trucks, residential heating, power generation and tobacco smoking — may alter the structure of chromosomes in their fetus
air pollution — emissions from cars, trucks, residential heating, power generation and tobacco smoking — may alter the structure
of chromosomes in their fetuses.
Also road congestion pricing schemes have been implemented in a limited number
of urban areas as a transportation demand management tool to try to reduce traffic congestion and
air pollution.
In spite
of such known
urban pressures on health as
air and water
pollution, water shortage, overcrowding, poor housing, the stresses
of city transportation and the generally accelerated pace
of city life, there is no substantial evidence from the National Health Survey that the overall health
of the
urban resident is worse than that
of the rural resident.
This is why we need to protect buildings as well as humans in cities in future
urban planning, so the strategic placing
of hedges, trees and other green infrastructure can have a direct benefit as an
air pollution control measure in cities.»
Professor Kumar said: «We all know
air pollution is a major factor
of everyday
urban life.
On average, without fires,
urban Delhi experiences about 150 micrograms per cubic meter
of fine particulate
air pollution.
Urban air quality continues to be a primary health concern as most of the world's population currently lives in urban areas (54 % in 2014), and percentage is projected to rise to 66 % by 2050; this is coupled with the fact that one of the main global sources of air pollution in cities is traffic emiss
Urban air quality continues to be a primary health concern as most
of the world's population currently lives in
urban areas (54 % in 2014), and percentage is projected to rise to 66 % by 2050; this is coupled with the fact that one of the main global sources of air pollution in cities is traffic emiss
urban areas (54 % in 2014), and percentage is projected to rise to 66 % by 2050; this is coupled with the fact that one
of the main global sources
of air pollution in cities is traffic emissions.
Apart from
air pollution reduction, other benefits
of urban green infrastructure include
urban heat island mitigation, the potential reduction in energy consumption, better stormwater management, and climate change mitigation.
Co-author Dr Rachel McInnes, Senior Climate Impacts Scientist at the Met Office, added: «This finding that the effects
of different types
of vegetation — green space and gardens, and tree cover — differ at both very high and very low
air pollution levels is particularly relevant for public health and
urban planning policies.
The research focuses on the power
of minute airborne particles known as aerosols, which can come from
urban and industrial
air pollution, wildfires and other sources.
In a typical
urban area with a high level
of background
air pollution — for example, around 15 micrograms
of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) per cubic metre, or a nitrogen dioxide concentration around 33 micrograms per cubic metre — an extra 300 trees per square kilometre was associated with around 50 fewer emergency asthma cases per 100,000 residents over the 15 year study period.
«We are already struggling with the number
of cars we have in the streets
of our cities; congestion,
air pollution, road safety issues, health impacts from people driving all the time,» said Luc Nadal, technical director for
urban development at the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP).
With the developed system a significant reduction
of air pollution in
urban areas is expected, given the high frequency
of cold starts and the low distances travelled.
Up to one - third
of Europeans who live in
urban areas are exposed to
air pollution levels above European Union (EU) standards.
Individuals in poor rural areas, as well as in low - income
urban communities such as Richmond, Calif., suffer disproportionately from childhood asthma, in part because
of inadequate housing, deficient medical care and proximity to multiple sources
of air pollution.
Along with
air pollution, smoking, low vitamin D levels, growing up in an
urban environment and eating a lot
of meats and sugars have all been implicated as risk factors for bowel diseases.
THE sheer number
of particles in
urban air pollution may be the critical factor that pushes up death rates from heart and lung problems when cities are hit by smog, according to Anthony Seaton, professor
of environmental and occupational medicine at the University
of Aberdeen.
He says that the «key point is that the
urban pollution cloud comprises predominantly small acidic particles... which penetrate indoors and persist for long periods in
air, whereas industrial dust clouds consist mainly
of much larger particles».
The health effects
of air pollution are a major concern for
urban populations all over the world.
By relying on this well - validated prediction model, the team was able to include subjects who live in unmonitored and less - populated areas so that the effects
of air pollution on all 60 million people could be analyzed regardless
of whether they lived in
urban, suburban, or rural areas.
Gary Cohen, president and founder
of the Massachusetts - based nonprofit Health Care Without Harm, said in a telephone interview that the risks
of climate change to both the health
of U.S. citizens and the U.S. health care delivery system is profound, particularly in
urban areas, where warming average temperatures are exacerbated by the heat island effect and high concentrations
of other
air pollution like ozone and particulate matter.
Millions
of Americans were able to breathe more easily last year as
urban air pollution declined in a number
of cities.
«While there is information available about counties in the United States that exceed EPA
air pollution standards, there has not been a similar source of information about how that air pollution actually affects the health of people living in those areas,» said lead study author Kevin Cromar, PhD, director of the Air Quality Program at the Marron Institute of Urban Management and assistant professor of population health and environmental medicine at the NYU School of Medici
air pollution standards, there has not been a similar source
of information about how that
air pollution actually affects the health of people living in those areas,» said lead study author Kevin Cromar, PhD, director of the Air Quality Program at the Marron Institute of Urban Management and assistant professor of population health and environmental medicine at the NYU School of Medici
air pollution actually affects the health
of people living in those areas,» said lead study author Kevin Cromar, PhD, director
of the
Air Quality Program at the Marron Institute of Urban Management and assistant professor of population health and environmental medicine at the NYU School of Medici
Air Quality Program at the Marron Institute
of Urban Management and assistant professor
of population health and environmental medicine at the NYU School
of Medicine.
The four - year study is the first real - world trial looking at the effects
of human behavior at the pump on
urban air pollution.
«Ozone and nitric oxide are both contributors to
urban smog, so depending on how well a city is able to mitigate
air pollution, ethanol may not be the «green fuel» that it is often called,» said Geiger, professor
of chemistry in the Weinberg College
of Arts and Sciences.
Aerosols in
urban air pollution and from major industries such as the Canadian tar sands are
of concern to scientists because they can affect regional climate patterns and have helped to warm the Arctic.
But most
of what they are doing is not visible, because it is rooted in local concerns, such as
urban air pollution, rather than fear
of global warming.
According to
urban legend,
air pollution enhances the beauty
of a sunset.
The top 12 also included three areas
of environmental concern:
air pollution by oxides
of nitrogen and other combustion products; the increase in carbon dioxide levels causing global warming; and
urban waste.
The report, produced with Greenpeace India, uses power plant data compiled by former World Bank
air pollution analyst Sarath Guttikunda, founding director
of a Delhi - based organization focused on sharing scientific information called
Urban Emissions.
«Enhanced ozone production in
urban areas is a concern because
of the population size potentially impacted and because
air pollution levels could be already elevated due to local and mobile sources,» explains Larsen.
Urban environments differ from natural habitats in many regards and are for instance associated with higher levels
of anthropogenic
pollution, such as traffic noise, artificial light
pollution and
air pollution, which enhance oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.
A study in open - access journal Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution finds that compared to sparrows living in the country,
urban - dwelling birds show clear signs
of stress linked to the toxic effects
of air pollution and an unhealthy diet.
His expertise is on mathematical modelling, atmospheric physics and chemistry; particularly evaluation
of urban air quality, the dispersion
of pollution from traffic.
Among the many natural and anthropogenic sources
of air pollution, the combustion
of fossil fuels is a major contributor in
urban and industrialized societies.
Emissions from these types
of products now account for a large portion
of air pollution in
urban areas, say researchers at the University
of Colorado at Boulder — especially during the a.m. rush hour when we're all commuting to work.
So it's critical to replenish your antioxidant stores both internally and externally morning and night, and even more frequently if you engage in intense exercise, live in an
urban center with lots
of pollution in the
air, or expose your skin to the sun.
A YouGov poll, carried out for Sustrans, has revealed that 43 per cent
of children living in
urban areas are concerned about the levels
of air pollution near their school.
In light
of the government's «super inquiry» into
urban toxic
air, Christian Lickfett examines why indoor
air quality can be ten times poorer than outside and what schools should be doing to protect pupils from
air pollution
«Perhaps it is not surprising that profit margins take precedence over public health, but with transport emissions the main contributor to
urban air pollution, resulting in nearly 10,000 early deaths a year in London alone and hugely decreasing quality
of life for children, the elderly and those with pre-existing health complaints, the public should be utterly outraged by this news.»