Sentences with phrase «of urban heat effect»

In January 2012, climate researcher Trevor Prowse put questions to the Bureau of Meteorology about the results charted above, making the point that as the 14 tidal stations are mostly free of urban heat effect, all are at sea level and are well scattered around Australia, they may be more accurate than any other land - based data.

But the SST readings are separate from the issues of urban heat effect and also show warming in the last 2 decades.

If CO2 changes represent 5 % of the observed changes, this may be more than the 4 % of land use changes, which maybe more than the 1 % influences of Urban Heat Effect.

For example, higher - trending urban stations, which are unreliable because of the Urban Heat Effect (UHE), can be used to adjust more reliable lower - trending rural stations.

I wonder if Gavin Schmidt (on realclimate) inadvertently provided an example of the urban heat effect.

You seem to be leaving out the ocean temperature data, as additional evidence for global warming independent of the urban heating effect: http://www.john-daly.com/mobydick/oceans.htm

Not exact matches

U.S. Department of Agriculture scientists grew weeds in three sites: an organic farm in western Maryland, a park in a suburb of Baltimore, and in downtown Baltimore, which is choked with smog and about 3 to 4 degrees warmer than the surrounding countryside because of the urban heat island effect.

This could be because of the urban heat island effect, which causes temperatures in the city to rise as much 10 °C compared with those in the surrounding areas.

The authors caution that several factors can influence the urban heat island effect, not all of which were addressed in the study.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) encourages the creation of green roofs for mitigating the urban «heat island effect,» whereby temperatures in crowded cities can soar some 10 degrees Fahrenheit higher than in less developed areas nearby.

As the earth continues to warm due to the buildup of greenhouse gases, heat waves are expected to become more severe, particularly for cities, where concrete and a dearth of trees create what's known as the urban heat island effect.

On the other hand, they say the city could grow even more resilient due to the ongoing efforts to reduce the urban heat island effect — for instance through programs to install reflective roofs and plant trees, as well as to protect vulnerable populations through heat warning systems and the availability of cooling centers.

The huge amount of land devoted to parking lots leads to increased water pollution and the urban heat island effect.

A University of Georgia study using a new method for calculating urban heat island intensities clarifies the conflict on whether urban density or sprawl amplify these effects more.

The researchers hope the results can help influence local governments and city planners in the formulation of effective codes and policies to mitigate the urban heat island effect.

TROMSØ, Norway — A novel form of the «urban heat island» effect might contribute to why the far north is warming faster than the rest of the globe, a study of five Arctic cities finds.

Increasing levels of ozone, in turn, trap more heat, exacerbating the urban heat island effect: Cities are normally about five to 10 degrees hotter than surrounding suburbs because asphalt and cement absorb sunlight, generating a vicious cycle of escalating pollution and heat.

Gary Cohen, president and founder of the Massachusetts - based nonprofit Health Care Without Harm, said in a telephone interview that the risks of climate change to both the health of U.S. citizens and the U.S. health care delivery system is profound, particularly in urban areas, where warming average temperatures are exacerbated by the heat island effect and high concentrations of other air pollution like ozone and particulate matter.

Urban land use creates a heat - island effect because asphalt, brick, and concrete absorb and conduct solar energy, while the cooling effect of evaporation from soil and vegetation is reduced.

This raw data is analyzed using an algorithm that takes into account the varied spacing of temperature stations around the globe and urban heating effects that could skew the calculation.

The field of urban planning is gaining interest as cities around the world, including nearby Houston, are facing increased exposure to weather - related risks and hazards ranging from sea level rise and flooding to temperature build - up and urban heat island effect.

Large, densely populated urban areas are highly susceptible to exhausting heat waves exacerbated by the «heat island» effect in which once permeable, cooling surfaces like open land, bodies of water and vegetation have been replaced with surfaces that capture and retain heat like asphalt and concrete.

Some parts of the Twin Cities can spike temperatures up to 9 °F higher than surrounding communities thanks to the «urban heat island» effect, according to a new study from the University of Minnesota.

The study is one of the first to examine the relationship between snow cover and the urban heat island effect.

Analyzing tens of thousands of data points, Schatz and Kucharik found the urban heat island effect peaked in summer, when downtown Madison averaged 7 degrees Fahrenheit warmer at night and 3 degrees warmer during the day when compared to rural Dane County.

However, temperature is officially measured at just a few locations in most cities, so awareness of the extent and variability of urban heat island effects was limited,» said lead author Brian Smoliak.

Innovative urban design could create increased access to active transport.99 The compact geographical area found in cities presents opportunities to reduce energy use and emissions of heat - trapping gases and other air pollutants through active transit, improved building construction, provision of services, and infrastructure creation, such as bike paths and sidewalks.303, 318 Urban planning strategies designed to reduce the urban heat island effect, such as green / cool roofs, increased green space, parkland and urban canopy, could reduce indoor temperatures, improve indoor air quality, and could produce additional societal co-benefits by promoting social interaction and prioritizing vulnerable urban populations.311urban design could create increased access to active transport.99 The compact geographical area found in cities presents opportunities to reduce energy use and emissions of heat - trapping gases and other air pollutants through active transit, improved building construction, provision of services, and infrastructure creation, such as bike paths and sidewalks.303, 318 Urban planning strategies designed to reduce the urban heat island effect, such as green / cool roofs, increased green space, parkland and urban canopy, could reduce indoor temperatures, improve indoor air quality, and could produce additional societal co-benefits by promoting social interaction and prioritizing vulnerable urban populations.311Urban planning strategies designed to reduce the urban heat island effect, such as green / cool roofs, increased green space, parkland and urban canopy, could reduce indoor temperatures, improve indoor air quality, and could produce additional societal co-benefits by promoting social interaction and prioritizing vulnerable urban populations.311urban heat island effect, such as green / cool roofs, increased green space, parkland and urban canopy, could reduce indoor temperatures, improve indoor air quality, and could produce additional societal co-benefits by promoting social interaction and prioritizing vulnerable urban populations.311urban canopy, could reduce indoor temperatures, improve indoor air quality, and could produce additional societal co-benefits by promoting social interaction and prioritizing vulnerable urban populations.311urban populations.311, 303

The phenomenon is known as the «urban heat island» effect, and a recent N.C. State University study shows that many of North Carolina's native bee species keep away from hot, urban areas.

When the urban heat island effect was taken into account, they found that the economic cost of climate change for these cities would be 2.6 times higher than previously thought.

Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature Study: «The effect of urban heating on the global trends is nearly negligible,» Andy Skuce

In fact the last sentence of the article makes a vague and misleading reference to urban heat island effect...

«It is good to get economic numbers on the likely effect of urban heat island mitigation,» said Rohinton Emmanuel, a professor of sustainable design at Glasgow Caledonian University who works on the impacts of urban heat islands.

An international team of economists has found that large cities may shoulder a disproportionate burden from climate change due to the amplifying effect of urban heat islands.

The heat island effect also concentrates pollutants in the urban region of Louisville.

Explanation of the urban heat island effect in terms of both temperature and precipitation.

Assessment: The group check - ins before the designs are tested can be used as formative assessment to make sure students understand the components of their design and how those components will help minimize the effects of the urban heat island.

Future topics that will be discussed include: climate sensitivity, sea level rise, urban heat island - effects, the value of comprehensive climate models, ocean heat storage, and the warming trend over the past few decades.

Human induced trend has two components, namely (a) greenhouse effect [this includes global and local / regional component] and (b) non-greenhouse effect [local / regional component]-- according to IPCC (a) is more than half of global average temperature anomaly wherein it also includes component of volcanic activities, etc that comes under greenhouse effect; and (b) contribution is less than half — ecological changes component but this is biased positive side by urban - heat - island effect component as the met network are concentrated in urban areas and rural - cold - island effect is biased negative side as the met stations are sparsely distributed though rural area is more than double to urban area.

«Wavelet analysis shows that this relative urban warming trend was primarily manifested in the form of multi - decadal and interseasonal cycles that are likely attributable to gradual increased winter heating in Ottawa (heat island effects) associated with population growth.

At face value, the satellite data is supported by weather balloon data, covers a much larger area of the globe than the surface - based data, and, as you pointed out, is free from the urban heat island effect and other potential flaws of surface measurements.

This is slightly different from the more often discussed «Urban Heat Island» effect which is a function of the wider area (and so could be present even in a perfectly set up urban statUrban Heat Island» effect which is a function of the wider area (and so could be present even in a perfectly set up urban staturban station).

For historical perspective, the very first person to compile weather data that showed global warming, G.S. Callendar back in 1938, already thought of the urban heat island effect and made an effort to compensate for it.

Attributing 0.1 C of the surface record increase to urban heat effects (from micro to macro) in 50 - 60 years is scientifically justifiable without guesswork, and does not refer to a short - term trend.

However, the actual claim of IPCC is that the effects of urban heat islands effects are likely small in the gridded temperature products (such as produced by GISS and Climate Research Unit (CRU)-RRB- because of efforts to correct for those biases.

Likewise, they prefer to debate urban heat island effects rather than to discuss the rising temperature trends, other clear signs of rising temperatures, the positive feedbacks which are beginning to kick in so that climate change will take on a life of its own independently of what we do in the future if changes are not made now (# 111, «Storm World» post, comment # 141) and what such climate change will imply for humanity as a whole (Curve manipulation, comment # 74, A Saturated Gassy Argument, comment # 116).

There are quite a few reasons to believe that the surface temperature record — which shows a warming of approximately 0.6 ° -0.8 °C over the last century (depending on precisely how the warming trend is defined)-- is essentially uncontaminated by the effects of urban growth and the Urban Heat Island (UHI) efurban growth and the Urban Heat Island (UHI) efUrban Heat Island (UHI) effect.

I know that NWS has ongoing scientific studies on these very sorts of problems and has also completed numerous studies in the past of the urban heat island effect.

Differences between the temperature anomaly products is related to: different selections of input data, different methods for assessing urban heating effects, and (most important) different methodologies for estimating temperatures in data - poor regions like the Arctic.

The new data set has much to recommend it over existing compilations: completeness of the data set and transparency of the data and methods, plus new methods for averaging the data and identifying the urban heat island effect.

If you are speaking of the urban heat island effect, we can use just rural sites and we get virtually an identical trend.