Sentences with phrase «of urbanization effects»

In 2007, I published a peer - reviewed paper alleging that some important research relied upon by the IPCC (for the treatment of urbanization effects) was fraudulent.

Sciencecodex: A recent study indicated that the urbanization in eastern China has significant impact on the observed surface warming and the temporal - spatial variations of urbanization effect have been comprehensively detected.

Not exact matches

Clifford Nass and I have demonstrated a significant negative relation between government expenditures and rates of Protestant church membership in 1950 and 1980, taking states as the unit of analysis.12 This effect appears to hold when other factors influencing church membership, such as religious composition, urbanization, region, and migration, are held constant.

Opening a two - day High - Level Expert Forum on How to Feed the World in 2050 Diouf told the 300 delegates that over the next 40 years: «The combined effect of population growth, strong income growth and urbanization... is expected to result in almost the doubling of demand for food, feed and fibre.»

The project has been described as a model for environmental reclamation, as well as a symbol of renewal and society's potential to recover from the harsh effects of urbanization.

The group also studied the effects of urbanization on the stress response system of the finches.

Now that we know what's happening, the next step is to begin work on understanding why it is happening and if the same negative effects of urbanization are hurting solitary, native bee species that are presumably more sensitive to their local environment.»

Whether they will actually lead to a greater incidence of the disease will be complicated by factors including control measures, the availability of drugs, and even other indirect effects of climate change, such as population changes, migration and urbanization.

Adding to the challenge are the side effects of rapid economic development: air pollution, contaminated water, and encroaching urbanization, all of which threaten Chinese farmland.

The burgeoning green infrastructure movement, spearheaded by the Clean Water Network, a large government / NGO consortium, seeks to defend US waterways and water supplies against ill effects of climate change and urbanization.

Although urbanization affects wildlife, ecologists know relatively little about its effect on the productivity and survival of breeding birds.

If any thing else urbanization probably increases the cat population by a little along with huge increases n pollution, traffic, buildings, boys with bee bee guns, pesticides, Urbanization also has the nasty side effect of decreasing natural resources for all species of wild life inclurbanization probably increases the cat population by a little along with huge increases n pollution, traffic, buildings, boys with bee bee guns, pesticides, Urbanization also has the nasty side effect of decreasing natural resources for all species of wild life inclUrbanization also has the nasty side effect of decreasing natural resources for all species of wild life including birds.

Factors including other competitive predators, the abundance of food, terrain, effects of urbanization and shrinking ranges influence behavior.

A documentary series focusing on the effects of urbanization, social marginalization and economic disparities in Lurie's native South Africa, is about to go on show in a solo exhibition in London.

Wu is a Taiwanese conceptual artist and associate professor at the National Kaohsiung Normal University, whose practice focuses on environmental issues and the effects of urbanization in Taiwan.

I'm familiar with the corrections made to eliminate the effects of urbanization: The original observations are «massaged» using automated computer routines which are applied worldwide.

Instead of eliminating the urbanization effects, these wrong - way corrections makes the urban warming trends steeper.

In addition, using the techniques of Karl et al. (1988), NCDC generated temperature files in which the biases introduced by urbanization effects were removed.

Unlike many data sets that have been used in past climate studies, these data have been adjusted to remove biases introduced by station moves, instrument changes, time - of - observation differences, and urbanization effects.

From the site you referenced: «To save space on this server, only the data adjusted for urbanization effects are available here (i.e., this data has also been adjusted for time - of - observations, station moves, and instrument changes).»

It is not possible to infer directly the value of perturbations by urbanization but at least it shows that the effect is important and not limited to big cities.

The net effect of their adjustments on their global temperature estimates was unrealistically low, particularly for recent decades, when urbanization bias is expected to have increased.

If you want to seriously study the effects of urbanization bias, you can't just use a simplistic «either / or» approach to distinguishing stations, e.g., see Stewart & Oke, 2012 (Open access).

Urbanization, energy use and greenhouse effects in economic development: Results from a cross-national study of developing countries.

Urbanization is on the rise; so is the urban heat island effect — a situation that is worsening with the decline of tree cover in U.S. metropolitan areas

The effects of urbanization and climate change are converging in dangerous ways.

This analytical report examines the effects of two «megatrends» — climate change and urbanization — on environmental emergencies.

One such premise revolved around a cause and effect relationship between urbanization causing difficulties in absorbing poor from rural areas, increased squatter settlements and poor infrastructure, and leading to a hotbed of political activity and a fertile ground for communist organizing.

A critical issue is this: how much of perceived global warming is due to such urbanization effects?

Dr. Avakyan's paper attributes the known temperature rise to the effect of solar geomagnetic activity on clouds, and the known rise of CO2 to the carbon not absorbed due to expanding deforestation, desertification, and urbanization, and the resulting lessening of photosynthesis.

Or that not one tree ring study (from locations where temperatures are not influenced by urbanization effects) supports Muller's interpretation of rapidly rising temperatures.

Objection: The apparent rise of global average temperatures is actually an illusion due to the urbanization of land around weather stations, the Urban Heat Island effect.

Regardless of what conclusions were drawn about the 277 sites that didn't show an «urbanization effect», Parker did conclude that there is detectable UHI in communities as small as Barrow, Alaska.

Indeed, a portion of that small linear trend difference might be due to human CO2 emissions; or, then again, it might be due to the vast urbanization effect over the last 60 + years; or due to the large deforestation that's taken place; or, maybe it's entirely due to the serial fabrication of global warming by the world's climate agencies; or it's even possible that the post-1950 warming was entirely a natural phenomenon - the same as the prior 64 - year period experience.

On calm days, I expect both the UHI effect and the NSTI to be operating in full force: whatever heating is provided by the urbanization will be operating without being blown away; and whatever cooling is provided by the NSTI will also be protected by the stratification of the boundary layer.

A concern that has been raised with respect to the surface - based temperature measurements is the effect of land use changes such as urbanization.

Clearly the effects of urbanization have considerably exacerbated the warming experienced by the large majority of the Chinese population in comparison with the warming that they would have experienced as a result of external forcing alone.

When climate scientists first began homogenizing temperature data, the PDO had yet to be named, so I would like to suggest instead of a deliberate climate science conspiracy, it was their ignorance of the PDO coupled with overwhelming urbanization effects that caused the unwarranted adjustments by causing «natural change points» that climate scientists had yet to comprehend.

This yielded apparent confirmation in expected directions: a distinct effect for urbanization class in the expected direction; of ratings in the expected direction; and of max - min in the expected direction.

... The uncertainties given by RSOA due to data gaps and random errors (Figure 1a) were augmented using published estimates of global uncertainties associated with urbanization effects (e.g. Jones et al., 1990),... We assume that the global average LAT uncertainty increased from zero in 1900 to 0.1 °C in 1990 (Jones et al, 1990), a value we extrapolate to 0.12 °C in 2000 (Figure 1a).

It seemed to me that random effects methodology could be applied to see the impact on trends of the various complicating factors — ratings category, urbanization class, equipment class.

The period of most rapid warming in Europe occurred between 1890 and 1950, and there is quantitative evidence that some of the observed warming during this 60 yr period may be related to urbanization or other local effect; no warming was observed in the most recent half century.

I have had several inquiries into what the remaining warming would look like if I incorporated the potential effect of non-climatic warming influences (e.g., urbanization, other landscape changes, instrument changes, network quality, etc.).

A problem that arises in the context of attributing any effect to CO2 is that since the end of the Little Ice Age, a natural warming has possibly increased the temperature monotonically, anthropogenic CO2 has increased monotonically, and deforestation and urbanization have increased monotonically.

(Part of the How to Talk to a Global Warming Skeptic guide) Objection: The apparent rise of global average temperatures is actually an illusion due to the urbanization of land around weather stations, the Urban Heat Island effect.

Valid reasons include adjustments for changes in the time - of - day of the reading, changes to the instrument's location or type, and urbanization effects.

Other Relevant Notes: On 18 February 2008, Professor Jones (Lead author of the 1990 Nature paper) sent me a manuscript, «Urbanization effects in large ‐ scale temperature records, with an emphasis on China» which was recently submitted to J. Geophysical Research for publication.

Jones et al. (1990) have assessed the urbanization effects in time series of surface air temperature over land areas in European parts of the CIS, eastern Australia, and eastern China.

In addition to offering areas for recreation and benefits to mental and physical health, urban green spaces «filter large amounts of water after heavy rainfall and soften the effects of heat waves or other extreme events,» according to the agency, whose recent assessment on urban ecosystems concluded that «with the right policies and tools, urbanization does not need to be a threat to biodiversity in cities and beyond.»

Ku, W. Solecki, J. Cox, C. Small, C. Rosenzweig, R. Goldberg, K. Knowlton, and P. Kinney, 2007: Estimating the effects of increased urbanization on surface meteorology and ozone concentrations in the New York City metropolitan region.