Dry diets also predispose cats to lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD, LUTD, FUS, crystals, stones, cystitis) because they force such a high degree
of urine concentration.
The measurement
of urine concentration is called Urine Specific Gravity (USG).
Some strips also give a crude measurement
of urine concentration (specific gravity = SG).
In addition to testing for these products, a urinalysis can detect urinary tract infections and urinary crystals and allows evaluation
of urine concentration, which is an important indicator of conditions such as kidney disease, diabetes and Cushing's disease.
So, to help see how a cat's kidneys are doing, vets test the urine quality or appropriateness
of urine concentration.
Not exact matches
The science doesn't lie: A 2011 Harvard study found that adults with the highest
concentration of BPA in their
urine had significantly larger waists and odds
of being obese than those in the lowest quartile.
The result: the more products that parents used on their babies, the higher the
concentrations of phthalates found in their
urine, leading to the hypothesis that phthalates enter children's bodies not only when substances containing this chemical enter through their mouths but also through their skin.
The
concentration of BPA in the
urine samples had increased, though by an amount equivalent to about a quarter
of what would be expected from eating canned soup, for example.
Nicotine and cotinine
concentrations in serum and
urine of infants exposed via passive smoking or milk from smoking mothers.
In 2010, Statistics Canada disclosed that 91 percent
of people tested positive for BPA in their
urine, with the highest
concentrations found in children.
Therefore, models for total urinary As
concentrations (TUAs) were restricted to infants who had not consumed seafood or fish during the 3 days prior to the collection
of urine samples.
But the data in this latest study also revealed something puzzling: falling levels
of BPA in
urine when 2006 measurements were compared with 2004;
concentrations decreased from an average
of 2.49 to 1.79 nanograms per milliliter.
The interdisciplinary project team is made up
of eco - and human toxicologists, physicists, chemists and biologists, and they have just managed to take their first major step forward in achieving their goal: they have developed a method for testing a variety
of environmental samples such as river water, animal tissue, or human
urine and blood that can detect nanomaterials at a
concentration level
of nanogram per liter (ppb — parts per billion).
Instead, Edwards and Steptoe relied on the woman's natural menstrual cycle to get the eggs to mature, and used the
concentration of luteinising hormones in her
urine as a marker for when the had occurred.
Afterward,
concentrations of oxytocin that the dogs released in their
urine at least doubled from pretest levels, researchers in Japan report in the April 17 Science.
Although Calafat's team reported
urine concentrations of BPA, in fact they assayed a breakdown product — the compound by which BPA is excreted, notes Steven G. Hentges
of the American Chemistry Council's Polycarbonate / BPA Global Group.
Every clinical biochemistry lab is filled with technicians measuring blood glucose levels to monitor diabetes, urea
concentrations in
urine to spot kidney failure, and dozens
of others.
In some
of the samples, the team dramatically reduced the
concentrations of dissolved phosphate and oxygen to simulate conditions that might exist inside equipment used to recycle
urine into water on spacecraft during long - duration flights.
Because the urinary
concentration of bisphenol A varies widely, it was not quantified accurately in the present study, which relied on a single
urine sample for each woman.
«DEHP metabolite
concentrations can vary because
of a variety
of factors including hydration status, time since least meal or
urine void, and time since last exposure to DEHP,» Braun said.
«This molecule is quickly metabolized in the intestine, and our researches have demonstrated that the
concentration of proanthocyanidins detected in
urine is very little,» professor Uberos says.
In the latest paper, published today, the team assessed
concentrations of sodium and potassium in the
urine samples.
Results revealed that the median
concentration of muconic acid in the
urine of these 14 women was 2.3 times higher than in non-indigenous participants, and six times higher than in women from the general Canadian population.
High
concentrations of muconic acid — a degradation product
of benzene (a volatile, toxic and carcinogenic compound)-- were detected in the
urine of 29 pregnant women who participated in the pilot study.
Margaret R. Karagas, Ph.D.,
of the Geisel School
of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, N.H., and coauthors examined the frequency with which infants at rice and rice - containing products in their first year
of life, as well as the association with arsenic
concentrations in the
urine.
In one early example, more than a decade ago, a research team at Pfizer detected an odd change in rats»
urine: a sudden shift in the relative
concentrations of two compounds produced when the body breaks down food.
Researchers analyzed
urine samples to measure
concentrations of 13 substances left after the body metabolizes phthalates.
One study hints at subtle neural and behavioral anomalies in dentists, who collectively use 300 metric tons
of mercury in amalgams each year and who often have two to five times the typical
concentration of mercury in their
urine.
The median
concentration of iodine in
urine was below the recommended levels in both groups.
Both the number
of tablets and
concentration in
urine were associated with a significant increase in language delay in girls, and a slight but not significant decrease in boys.
«The implications
of these results are that measuring
urine F2 - isoprostane
concentrations during an infant ARI, an indicator
of increased oxidative stress in these young patients, may predict the development
of recurrent wheeze,» said Dr. Rosas - Salazar.
Two
of these compounds, isoamylamine and trimethlyamine, appear in different
concentrations in male and female mouse
urine, and some evidence suggests that isoamylamine acts as a pheromone by accelerating the onset puberty in female mice.
Researchers asked participants to report the number
of acetaminophen tablets they had taken between conception and enrollment, and tested the acetaminophen
concentration in their
urine at enrollment.
After working a shift, the average
concentration of BPS in the
urine of those cashiers had doubled.
Researchers in Canada examined blood,
urine and sweat
concentrations of various phthalates in 20 people.
They found that the
concentration of these chemicals was twice as high in sweat as in
urine and suggested that perspiration may help eliminate
of some toxic compounds.
The study tested phthalate
concentrations within the
urine of 387 children, and noted body measurements which included BMI, height, as well as waist circumference a year later.
A study led by German researchers found high
concentrations of glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup, in the
urine of dairy cows and humans.
those participants had almost twice the
concentration of arsenic in their
urine and 70 % more mercury in their blood, compared to people eating gluten diets in the same time frame.
It is well established in the «Art and Science
of Low Carbohydrate Living» (Phinney, Volek) that when one has become «keto - adjusted» over the course
of 4 - 6 weeks
of low carb / high fat and protein living, that the type
of keytones secreted in the
urine, namely acetoacetic keytones, reduce in
concentration.
A high water intake may dilute the
concentration of ketones in the
urine.
Researchers then tested their blood and
urine and discovered that on average, those participants had almost twice the
concentration of arsenic in their
urine and 70 % more mercury in their blood, compared to people eating gluten diets in the same time frame.
Can be mixed with
urine or saliva to give an indicator
of heavy metal
concentration within the body.
Measuring the
concentration of these non-bioavailable forms in
urine or serum is irrelevant since it provides no clue as to the
concentration of the more clinically significant «free «(bioavailable) hormone in the blood stream.
High
concentrations of oxalate in the
urine and frequent formation
of kidney stones occur in people who have diseases
of the small intestine such as Crohn's disease.
A study carried out by Gatorade that measured
urine concentration found that 4 out
of 10 people were already dehydrated at the time they entered an exercise class.
This practice can not only lead to dehydration but it can also cause further bladder irritation due to increased
concentration of urine.
Creatine is one
of the compounds that is found in the
urine and its
concentration is often used to determine if the subject has purposefully overhydrated in order to decrease the
concentration of THC - COOH in the sample.
And through a study consisting
of low carb, high protein diet the results garnered showed, that ketone bodies had reduced in the first 3 months and over a period
of time the urinary ketone
concentration reduced, ultimately not showing in the
urine results.
Thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TPO - Ab; Tg - Ab), TSH, fT4 and
urine iodine
concentrations (UIC) were measured at baseline and after 6 and 12 months
of follow - up.