Sentences with phrase «of vegetation carbon»

Impacts ranged from a strong increase to a severe loss of vegetation carbon (cv), depending on differences in climate projections, as well as the physiological response to rising [CO2].

Analyses of differences in model behavior should therefore focus not only on the processes of carbon acquisition (i.e., photosynthesis and NPP), but also on the dynamics of vegetation carbon turnover.

Not exact matches

Eating less meat will free up a lot of agricultural land which can revert to growing trees and other vegetation, which, in turn, will absorb more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Evidence suggests that the Indians, through the burning of remnants of logs, branches, weeds, crop remains, felled secondary growth vegetation, near - by forest litter, and cut material brought to the fields along with kitchen - fire carbon and ash from the houses, modified the fertility of their soils.

With global climate models projecting further drying over the Amazon in the future, the potential loss of vegetation and the associated loss of carbon storage may speed up global climate change.

Determining the rate of old carbon release from permafrost had been a challenge for researchers, since vegetation that grows in thawed permafrost in forest and tundra systems releases its own modern organic carbon into soils, which readily decomposes and dilutes the «old carbon» signal from thawing permafrost soils.

The simulations suggested that the indirect effects of increased CO2 on net primary productivity (how much carbon dioxide vegetation takes in during photosynthesis minus how much carbon dioxide the plants release during respiration) are large and variable, ranging from less than 10 per cent to more than 100 per cent of the size of direct effects.

The researchers believe the greening is a response to higher atmospheric carbon dioxide inducing decreases in plant stomatal conductance — the measure of the rate of passage of carbon dioxide entering, or water vapor exiting, through the stomata of a leaf — and increases in soil water, thus enhancing vegetation growth.

This is because firstly, the micro-organisms that break down dead trees produce copious amounts of CO2, and secondly, there is less vegetation remaining that can remove the greenhouse gas from the air by capturing the carbon in leaves, trunks and roots as part of its growth cycle.

«We were surprised that, no matter where we looked, roughly half of the carbon in river insects had originated from vegetation in the surrounding landscape rather than the river itself — in other words leaves falling or being blown into the river,» said lead author Dr Stephen Thomas, from Cardiff University's School of Biosciences.

Woody vegetation also may be expanding in grasslands because of more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, Dodds said.

If damaged, they would stop capturing carbon dioxide and a large amount of it could be released into the atmosphere by decomposing vegetation

The method takes advantage of varying levels of carbon and hydrogen isotopes in the soil, water, and vegetation at different latitudes.

So even though the natural processes, the vegetation, the bacteria, the soil are enormous fluxors of carbon, in fact there are larger fluxors of carbon than our fossil fuel release, but we can see that they would have been in balance for the 10,000 years going back in time.

Prior to this study, «the understanding of permafrost feedbacks to climate change had been limited by a lack of data examining warming effects on both vegetation and permafrost carbon simultaneously,» said Dr. Natali.

To understand the complex relationship that determines the fate of soil carbon, the Dartmouth researchers collected soil from shrub and grass vegetation in western Greenland and conducted controlled experiments back in the laboratory.

They measured carbon dioxide emissions from mineral soils of the two vegetation types incubated at five temperatures and two moisture levels.

We like to think of green, carbon - absorbing vegetation as our ally in the fight against global warming.

They then selectively removed different plant species such as heather, cotton grass and moss enabling them to study the effects of both warming and vegetation change on carbon release from the dead plant material into the atmosphere.

Dr Sue Ward, the Senior Research Associate for the project at Lancaster University, said: «Peat is one of the earth's most important stores of carbon, but one of the most vulnerable to changes in climate and changes in vegetation caused by both climate and land management.

«This study is further evidence that the diversity and makeup of the vegetation, and the soil organisms beneath our feet are vitally important in controlling how much carbon is locked up or released from these carbon rich ecosystems.»

In addition to the «fertiliser effect» on vegetation of rising carbon dioxide levels (12 October, p 40), the work of...

«If ozone continues to increase, vegetation will take up less and less of our carbon dioxide emissions, which will leave more CO2 in the atmosphere, adding to global warming,» Sitch says.

Although carbon stocks may be the same with or without understory vegetation, by controlling competing vegetation, carbon is reallocated into the trees instead of shrubs; and carbon loss to wildfire is reduced.

This means that more carbon is accumulating in forests and other vegetation and soils in the Northern Hemisphere during the summer, and more carbon is being released in the fall and winter, says study lead scientist Heather Graven of SIO.

Only three per cent of existing plant species have C4 lineages but they account for 25 per cent of carbon fixation by vegetation on Earth.

The unnerving new estimate puts permafrost up there with soils (1,500 gigatons) and vegetation (650 gigatons), Earth's second and third largest repositories of carbon after the oceans.

The cows» manure would also recycle nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous to the soil, encouraging the growth of new vegetation and sequestering even more carbon.

Though these processes are influenced by factors including climate, vegetation and human activity, erosion is the main factor that affects the amount of carbon that ends up in rivers.

Research conducted by Jin - Soo Kim and Professor Jong - Seong Kug from the Division of Environmental Science and Engineering at Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), in collaboration with Professor Su - Jong Jeong from the School of Environmental Science and Engineering at South University of Science and Technology of China, has shown that the warmer Arctic has triggered cooler winters and springs in North America, which has in turn weakened vegetation growth and lowered carbon uptake capacity in its ecosystems.

Instruments on the platforms will monitor changes in the concentrations of gases such carbon dioxide, which is mainly produced when vegetation is burnt during the dry season.

When members of the Argonne team arrived at Murdock in 2004 for an initial assessment, they found trace levels of «carbon tet» in the resident vegetation.

To explore how well the timing of the changes matched up, the researcher focused on a carbon isotope called 13C, which is retained in soil in the same proportions as in the vegetation the soil once contained.

She has already found a large increase in soil carbon two years after a single application of compost, probably due to enhanced vegetation growth.

The amount and type of genetic material, along with carbon dating of the samples, reveal that between 50,000 and 25,000 years ago — before the peak of the last ice age — arctic vegetation consisted mainly of forbs, the researchers report today in Nature.

Another co-author, Rhonda Quinn of Seton Hall University, studied carbon isotopes in the soil, which along with animal fossils at the site allowed researchers to reconstruct the area's vegetation.

These wetland ecosystems contain live vegetation at the surface, but house extensive stores of dead, carbon - rich organic matter underground.

More natural processes of cloud brightening or enhanced weathering are less likely to raise objections, but the public react best to creating biochar (making charcoal from vegetation to lock in CO2) or capturing carbon directly from the air.»

Weather conditions strongly affect the litter production by vegetation and the decomposition of organic matter, in particular, and thus soil carbon stock changes.

This study highlights the key role of vegetation in controlling future terrestrial hydrologic response and emphasizes that the continental carbon and water cycles are intimately coupled over land and must be studied as an interconnected system.

Based on satellite monitoring and models that estimate the carbon released from burning vegetation (plus or minus 50 percent), the group reckons that U.S. fires produce 290 million metric tons of carbon per year, equal to about 5 percent of the nation's annual emissions from fossil fuels.

For this subsystem, many of the longer term feedbacks in the full climate system (such as ice sheets, vegetation response, the carbon cycle) and some of the shorter term bio-geophysical feedbacks (methane, dust and other aerosols) are explicitly excluded.

The climate sensitivity classically defined is the response of global mean temperature to a forcing once all the «fast feedbacks» have occurred (atmospheric temperatures, clouds, water vapour, winds, snow, sea ice etc.), but before any of the «slow» feedbacks have kicked in (ice sheets, vegetation, carbon cycle etc.).

The study, recently published in the journal Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), details how NASA experts and their peers determined a stunning new way to conduct the normal «apples - to - apples» comparison between various forms of vegetation as a carbon sink.

Forests and other land vegetation currently remove up to 30 percent of human carbon dioxide emissions from the atmosphere during photosynthesis, but thanks to this latest study, experts now know that we have tropical forests to thank for a great deal of this work - absorbing a whopping 1.4 billion metric tons of CO2 out of a total total global absorption of 2.5 billion metric tons.

Tropical forests are especially important because, even though they cover only 7 percent of the Earth's surface, they contain the largest vegetation carbon stocks, and are also important carbon sinks.

GEDI's vegetation measurements will help close a critical gap in our current understanding of how carbon is stored and emitted over time by forests and other ecosystems.

an emerging body of science indicates that rapidly increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide may be boosting the onrushing waves of woody vegetation.

Desertification also contributes to climate change, with land degradation and related loss of vegetation resulting in increased emissions and reduced carbon sink.

Sitch, S., et al., 2003: Evaluation of ecosystem dynamics, plant geography and terrestrial carbon cycling in the LPJ dynamic global vegetation model.