Sentences with phrase «of vegetation models»

Not exact matches

With global climate models projecting further drying over the Amazon in the future, the potential loss of vegetation and the associated loss of carbon storage may speed up global climate change.

Using HydroSED 2D, a computer modeling system developed at the University of Illinois, they incorporated two - dimensional flow modeling, soil characteristics and information about vegetation to analyze the vulnerability of the landscape compared with observed impacts.

«This provides us with a comprehensive three - dimensional digital model of the landscape, which enables a precise analysis of the vegetation structure,» says Jussi Baade, associate professor of Physical Geography at the University of Jena.

Their model integrated the effects of temperature on mosquito behavior and virus transmission, and looked at monthly variation in temperature rainfall, and vegetation throughout the year across Africa.

The models included interactions and competition between predators as well as the influence of climate on vegetation and prey populations.

They used a model based on 15 years of local water data to map soil moisture in the meadows, and overlaid that with a map of vegetation.

Several mathematical models have attempted to address banded vegetation in semi-arid environments, of which the oldest and most established is a system of partial differential equations, called the Klausmeier model.

The Klausmeier model is based on a water redistribution hypothesis, which assumes that rain falling on bare ground infiltrates only slightly; most of it runs downhill in the direction of the next vegetation band.

Therefore mathematical modeling has the potential to be an extremely valuable tool, enabling prediction of how pattern vegetation will respond to changes in external conditions.»

«Most climate models that incorporate vegetation are built on short - term observations, for example of photosynthesis, but they are used to predict long - term events,» said Bond - Lamberty, who works at the Joint Global Change Research Institute, a collaboration between PNNL and the University of Maryland in College Park, Md. «We need to understand forests in the long term, but forests change slowly and researchers don't live that long.»

Complex as they may be, the activities and effects of consumers should be incorporated into global vegetation models in order to accurately predict the likely consequences of global change.

A false colour composite of predicted abundance of Graminoids (Red) Shrubs (Green) and Bryophytes (Blue) representing vegetation composition on a peatland from Partial Least Squares Regression models on a hyperspectral image.

With the data they simulated 130 years of growth following the Yellowstone Fires using a computer model calibrated to the study area and used by forest and land managers around the U.S., called the Forest Vegetation Simulator.

The model allowed Bonachela and his colleagues to apply small - scale observational data broadly to understand how rainfall influences vegetation growth and persistence in the presence and absence of termites across an entire ecosystem.

The study authors based their analysis on a combination of satellite observations of rainfall and vegetation and an atmospheric circulation model to track the movement of air masses.

Given the inverse relationship observed between their values, it has been possible to determine the additional area of vegetation needed (in this case of green roofs) necessary to reduce the temperature by the same amount as it is predicted to rise in different climate change models for Seville.

«The study provides more realistic modeling estimates of how much vegetation change will occur over the 21st century and will allow better predictions of future climate change,» she said.

For the study, Gentine and Lemordant took Earth system models with decoupled surface (vegetation physiology) and atmospheric (radiative) CO2 responses and used a multi-model statistical analysis from CMIP5, the most current set of coordinated climate model experiments set up as an international cooperation project for the International Panel on Climate Change.

It is very difficult to model the effect of vegetation on climate systems.

In previous publications, the research group of Juergen Schleucher showed that vegetation models should consider the entire metabolism of the plants.

This technique lays the foundation for much improved parameterizations of climate change and global vegetation models, which will tell what the future holds in store.

Based on satellite monitoring and models that estimate the carbon released from burning vegetation (plus or minus 50 percent), the group reckons that U.S. fires produce 290 million metric tons of carbon per year, equal to about 5 percent of the nation's annual emissions from fossil fuels.

If, for example, a group of buildings in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, is entirely clad in vegetation, the gap between the buildings will become 9.1 °C cooler during the day, according to the researchers» model.

Researchers have developed a numerical model that was able to verify the effects on passive cooling of buildings caused by the density variation of vegetation of green roofs.

This study is focused on three specific aspects: to assess the impact of vegetation density on energy efficiency of a roof located at a Mediterranean coastal climate; develop a simplified numeral model that can estimate thermal resistance values equivalent to plants and substrates, and finally, to verify the numerical model by using experimental data.

[Response: There is a Hadley Centre / HadCM3 study on this, using a version of the GCM with vegetation model included — William]

Uncertainties in the hydrological cycle due to land surface parameterizations can be divided into uncertainties from the spatial distribution of vegetation and from the model parameter values.

Scientists developed global model on the role of human activity and weather on vegetation fires

Bounoua L., F. G. Hall, P. J. Sellers, A. Kumar, G. J. Collatz, C. J. Tucker, and M. L. Imhoff, 2010, Quantifying the negative feedback of vegetation to greenhouse warming: A modeling approach, Geophysical Research Letters, 37 This one finds that the doubling of the Carbon Dioxide concentration may be less serious than the IPCC predicts

Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project 2 (PMIP - 2) simulations shown in bottom left and right panels do not include the radiative influences of LGM changes in mineral dust or vegetation.

The heights of the rectangular bars denote best estimate values guided by published values of the climate change agents and conversion to radiative perturbations using simplified expressions for the greenhouse gas concentrations and model calculations for the ice sheets, vegetation and mineral dust.

-- 7) Forest models for Montana that account for changes in both climate and resulting vegetation distribution and patterns; 8) Models that account for interactions and feedbacks in climate - related impacts to forests (e.g., changes in mortality from both direct increases in warming and increased fire risk as a result of warming); 9) Systems thinking and modeling regarding climate effects on understory vegetation and interactions with forest trees; 10) Discussion of climate effects on urban forests and impacts to cityscapes and livability; 11) Monitoring and time - series data to inform adaptive management efforts (i.e., to determine outcome of a management action and, based on that outcome, chart future course of action); 12) Detailed decision support systems to provide guidance for managing for adaptmodels for Montana that account for changes in both climate and resulting vegetation distribution and patterns; 8) Models that account for interactions and feedbacks in climate - related impacts to forests (e.g., changes in mortality from both direct increases in warming and increased fire risk as a result of warming); 9) Systems thinking and modeling regarding climate effects on understory vegetation and interactions with forest trees; 10) Discussion of climate effects on urban forests and impacts to cityscapes and livability; 11) Monitoring and time - series data to inform adaptive management efforts (i.e., to determine outcome of a management action and, based on that outcome, chart future course of action); 12) Detailed decision support systems to provide guidance for managing for adaptModels that account for interactions and feedbacks in climate - related impacts to forests (e.g., changes in mortality from both direct increases in warming and increased fire risk as a result of warming); 9) Systems thinking and modeling regarding climate effects on understory vegetation and interactions with forest trees; 10) Discussion of climate effects on urban forests and impacts to cityscapes and livability; 11) Monitoring and time - series data to inform adaptive management efforts (i.e., to determine outcome of a management action and, based on that outcome, chart future course of action); 12) Detailed decision support systems to provide guidance for managing for adaptation.

-- 1) Improved understanding of adaptive genetic and phenotypic forest characteristics that would provide better guidance for breeding programs and management actions to maximize resilience to both direct and indirect climate impacts to forests; 2) Long - term studies to better understand effects of CO2 fertilization in Montana's forests; 3) Improved models of climate and vegetation effects on evapotranspiration and water balances throughout forested systems.

Although dynamic vegetation models tend to predict an overall expansion of cool forests and woodlands (Shafer et al. 2015), some tree species may actually experience reduced ranges due to geographical obstacles to range expansion in response to climate (Coops and Waring 2001).

In this work we implemented a chlorophyll fluorescence model developed at leaf scale to a global vegetation model JSBACH and we evaluated the model performance in terms of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence.

The study by researchers of the Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre and Goethe University is based on computer vegetation models and was published in «Journal of Biogeography».

Cox, P., 2001: Description of the «TRIFFID» Dynamic Global Vegetation Model.

Sitch, S., et al., 2003: Evaluation of ecosystem dynamics, plant geography and terrestrial carbon cycling in the LPJ dynamic global vegetation model.

For instance, the sensitivity only including the fast feedbacks (e.g. ignoring land ice and vegetation), or the sensitivity of a particular class of climate model (e.g. the «Charney sensitivity»), or the sensitivity of the whole system except the carbon cycle (the Earth System Sensitivity), or the transient sensitivity tied to a specific date or period of time (i.e. the Transient Climate Response (TCR) to 1 % increasing CO2 after 70 years).

With the aid of global Earth observations and data - driven models, the researchers show that on average, extreme events prevent the uptake of around 3 petagrams carbon per year by the vegetation.

They got 10 pages in Science, which is a lot, but in it they cover radiation balance, 1D and 3D modelling, climate sensitivity, the main feedbacks (water vapour, lapse rate, clouds, ice - and vegetation albedo); solar and volcanic forcing; the uncertainties of aerosol forcings; and ocean heat uptake.

Arora, V.K., and G.J. Boer, 2003: A representation of variable root distribution in dynamic vegetation models.

KEA estimated that LGM vegetation forcing was around -1.1 + / -0.6 W / m2 (because of the loss of trees in polar latitudes, replacement of forests by savannah etc.), and if that was similar to the SEA modelled impact, their Charney sensitivity would be closer to 2ºC (down from 2.3 ºC).

This result suggests that models may not yet adequately represent the long - term feedbacks related to ocean circulation, vegetation and associated dust, or the cryosphere, and / or may underestimate the effects of tropical clouds or other short - term feedback processes.»

This method tries to maximize using pure observations to find the temperature change and the forcing (you might need a model to constrain some of the forcings, but there's a lot of uncertainty about how the surface and atmospheric albedo changed during glacial times... a lot of studies only look at dust and not other aerosols, there is a lot of uncertainty about vegetation change, etc).

Model studies for climate change between the Holocene and the Pliocene, when Earth was about 3 °C warmer, find that slow feedbacks due to changes of ice sheets and vegetation cover amplified the fast feedback climate response by 30 — 50 % [216].

Here, we unite 30 consecutive years of watershed modeling, biogeochemical data, and comprehensive aerial surveys of Chesapeake Bay, United States to quantify the cascading effects of anthropogenic impacts on submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV), an ecologically and economically valuable habitat.

On the importance of including vegetation dynamics in Budyko's hydrological model R. J. Donohue, M. L. Roderick, and T. R. McVicar Ecosystem Dynamics Group, Research School of Biological Sciences,

The last two lessons focus on model - based climate change projections in relation to the possible fates of different regional species of vegetation.

Due to the greater amount of memory and more powerful CPU of the Xbox One X, Assassin's Creed Origins can maintain higher quality architectural models, vegetation, rocks and display them at longer Draw Distances in dense environments like the grand cities of Alexandria and Memphis.