Sentences with phrase «of venom genes»

That surprisingly low number suggested the evolution of new species was accompanied by rapid turnover of the venom genes, with old genes being abandoned and new ones with novel venom functions suddenly arising.

The lack of change is also very different from what is expected of venom genes.

Not exact matches

These adaptations include the massive and rapid expansion of gene families that produce venom toxins, providing the snake with a highly toxic protein mixture required to overcome a variety of different prey and also circumvent any resistance to venom that may have developed in such prey.

Armed with the both the king cobra and Burmese python genome the team was able to show that, despite previous hypotheses that venom genes evolve «early» in the lineage leading to snakes, venom gene families do not duplicate early, in fact the study shows that the rapid and extensive expansion of functionally important venom toxin families is restricted to the venomous «advanced» snake lineage.

Of the genes undergoing the strongest evolutionary change, many are involved in body shape and organ development, metabolism, venom production and the sense of smell (PNAS, DOI: 10.1073 / pnas.1314475110Of the genes undergoing the strongest evolutionary change, many are involved in body shape and organ development, metabolism, venom production and the sense of smell (PNAS, DOI: 10.1073 / pnas.1314475110of smell (PNAS, DOI: 10.1073 / pnas.1314475110).

Bishop increased the killing power of viruses that attack caterpillar pests by giving them a gene for scorpion venom.

Some of these proteins are wasp venoms, suggesting that genes from the wasp have been transferred into the virus in a feat of natural genetic engineering.

«We thought that what we were seeing was the rapid specialization of genes as venoms, and loss of their other function.»

From such studies came the current canonical model of how venom genes evolve through the chance replication and mutation of genes for enzymes, peptides and other proteins.

One of the orb weaver's silk genes is even expressed in the spider's venom gland.

Based largely on studies of snakes, spiders and other species dangerous to our own, it is thought that most venom genes arise through the mechanism of gene duplication followed by mutation and repurposing (which scientists refer to as neofunctionalization).

Instead, Werren likened the functionality of these single - copy genes to «moonlighting» for extra cash, with the genes taking on a «night job» in the venom gland in addition to their «day job» elsewhere in the body.

So she and her colleagues have instead looked for venom genes in the genome of a close Latrodectus relative, the common house spider, Parasteatoda tepidariorum, which was reported on 31 July in BMC Biology by a team headed by Alistair McGregor of Oxford Brookes University in the United Kingdom.

Each rattlesnake lineage has deleted two to four entire venom genes compared to their common ancestor, while retaining the genes for only a subset of venom types.

What they found surprised them and challenged all of their initial hypotheses: Rattlesnakes have quickly evolved a great variety of differences through the loss of genes, resulting in varying venom gene numbers and types.

Seeking to understand how the cone snail springs its slow - motion trap, the Utah researchers searched the gene sequences of all of the proteins expressed in the venom gland of Conus geographus.

The insulin genes were more highly expressed in the venom gland than genes for some of the established venom toxins.

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