Sentences with phrase «of volcanic gases»

[4] The ocean's influence extends even to the composition of volcanic rocks through seafloor metamorphism, as well as to that of volcanic gases and magmas created at subduction zones.

«Ground - based measurements of volcanic gases that are more difficult to measure from space, such as carbon dioxide, are crucial.

A similar fate may have befallen forests 252 million years ago, when massive bursts of volcanic gases likely weakened Earth's ozone shield.

Study Suggests Component of Volcanic Gas May Have Played a Significant Role in the Origins of Life on Earth - Scientists are reporting a possible answer to a longstanding question — how did the first amino acids form the first peptides?

Much of the volcanic gas is discharged into the Earth's atmosphere.

Not exact matches

You can identify volcanic basalt from its tiny pockmarks, formed by bubbles of escaping gas that froze in place when hot magma hit the cool air.

Further calculations by Catling and his team conclude that no abiotic methane sources on a rocky planet could produce enough of the gas to counteract this process — whether it is volcanic outgassing from a planet's interior, chemical reactions in hydrothermal vents, even asteroid impacts.

In 2004, Looy and her former Ph.D. advisor Henk Visscher proposed one way this might have played out, bases on fossilized abnormal plant spores found worldwide: volcanic gases — halocarbons like methyl chloride and methyl bromide — destroyed much or all of Earth's ozone layer, boosting UV - B exposure that would have affected life and potentially increased the genetic mutation rates in pollen and spores of plants worldwide.

The entire cliff would have been deposited very quickly from a fast - moving current of hot gas and ash (a pyroclastic density current), and the extreme temperatures (900-1000 °C) caused the ash to weld to the ground and effectively enameled the area in dense volcanic glass.

Volcanic eruptions then began pumping steam and still more gas out of the young planet's interior.

«The volcanic eruption has now moved on to the next, more severe, magmatic eruption phase, where highly viscous lava can trap gases under pressure, potentially leading to an explosion,» says Mark Tingay, a geologist at the University of Adelaide in Australia.

Ground - based remote sensing through ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy is used to measure the composition of a volcanic plume, the column of hot volcanic ash, gas, and rock emitted when the volcano erupts.

One possibility is that the eruption column of hot volcanic ash, gas and rock fragments now extending into the sky above the summit could collapse into what's called a pyroclastic flow and race down the flanks of the mountain.

Scientists are now watching to see whether the volcano repeats the violent eruptions of 1963, when superheated gases and volcanic material raced down the mountain in a series of pyroclastic flows, killing more than 1000 people.

Prior to an eruption, gases — water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide — bubble out of the magma as it rises, adding more pressure to the volcanic system, she explains.

Depending on the size and depth of an underwater eruption, gas and ash may never break the ocean surface, or the gas and ash could create a volcanic plume with the potential to interfere with air travel.

Some researchers have suggested that these gases might have been spewed out by the volcanic eruptions that produced the Siberian traps, a vast formation of volcanic rock produced by the most extensive eruptions in Earth's geological record.

Gigantic volcanic eruptions and the greenhouse gas emissions they caused wiped out around 90 percent of all animal species according to estimates.

The reason is that CO2 belching from a volcanic lake creates conditions very different from those of the gas escaping from a wellhead or seeping into a basement, explains Julio Friedmann, leader of the carbon management program at LLNL.

The reason is that CO2 belching from a volcanic lake creates conditions very different from those of the gas escaping from a wellhead or seeping into a basement, explains Julio Friedmann, leader of the carbon management program at Lawrence Livermore.

«Ash from dinosaur - era volcanoes linked with shale oil, gas: Shale oil, gas deposits accompany ash layers from thousands of volcanic eruptions.»

First, volcanic eruptions produce major quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2), a gas known to contribute to the greenhouse effect.

Nutrient - rich ash from an enormous flare - up of volcanic eruptions toward the end of the dinosaurs» reign kicked off a chain of events that led to the formation of shale gas and oil fields from Texas to Montana.

During her doctoral work, Mather investigated the chemical composition of volcanic «plumes,» a mixture of aerosols and gases volcanoes emit that resembles smoke.

Their findings: natural influences such as changes in the amount of sunlight or volcanic eruptions did not explain the warming trends, but the results matched when increasing levels of greenhouse gas emissions were added to the mix.

Preexisting volcanic and tectonic structures have played a key role in the development of the Aluto volcanic complex and continue to facilitate the expulsion of gases and geothermal fluids.

Researchers from the Oxford University Department of Earth Science worked in collaboration with the Universities of Exeter and Southampton to trace the global impact of major volcanic gas emissions and their link to the end of the Triassic period.

Volcanoes can be connected to each other deep underground and scientists suspected Lusi and the Arjuno - Welirang volcanic complex were somehow linked, because previous research showed some of the gas Lusi expels is typically found in magma.

That CO gas was responsible for the fire fountains that sprayed volcanic glass over parts of the lunar surface.

Explosive eruptions, however, can send volcanic gases up into the stratosphere, where they «greatly affect the spectrum of the planet,» Misra said.

Volcanic activity can spawn earthquakes or result in the release of steam or other gases before an eruption even occurs.

By measuring the abundance of an isotope of the noble gas argon in the rock or its crystals, Gazel and his colleague Michael Kunk of the U.S. Geological Survey found that the magma was much younger than the last known volcanic event on the East Coast — which occurred when the supercontinent of Pangaea slowly pulled apart into North America, Africa and South America some 200 million years ago, forming the Atlantic Ocean in the process.

Volcanic magma, the molten mix of rock and gas below Earth's surface, leads a sort of double life: It spends some time as a hot liquid and some as a colder, rocky «crystal mush.»

The researchers warn, however, that the future evolution of the AMO remains uncertain, with many factors potentially affecting how it interacts with atmospheric circulation patterns, such as Arctic sea ice loss, changes in solar radiation, volcanic eruptions and concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

The zircon flies out of the crust in a luminous whirlwind of hot gas and rock and is dumped in a thick layer of volcanic ash.

For the first time, this study allowed researchers to analyse the effects of the climate change on the forest nutrient cycles, and states that Pyrenean forests can register these episodes chemical mark at a global scale (for instance, volcanic eruptions in remote areas) and the effects of gas emissions into the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution.

Moreover, unlike sulfur dioxide, a volcanic gas that stands out against trace background levels, the atmosphere contains higher background levels of CO2, and winds disperse any injection quickly.

By simulating past summers — instead of relying solely on observations — the scientists established a large range of temperatures that could have occurred naturally under the same conditions, including greenhouse gas concentrations and volcanic eruptions.

Scientists now think that massive volcanic activity, in a Large Igneous Province called the Siberian Traps, raised air and sea temperatures and released toxic amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere over a very short period of time.

So the report notes that the current «pause» in new global average temperature records since 1998 — a year that saw the second strongest El Nino on record and shattered warming records — does not reflect the long - term trend and may be explained by the oceans absorbing the majority of the extra heat trapped by greenhouse gases as well as the cooling contributions of volcanic eruptions.

The glass hinted that the large volcanic eruptions that formed the lunar basins 3.8 to 3.1 billion years ago also emitted large amounts of gas.

When basalt — a volcanic rock that makes up roughly 70 percent of the earth's surface — is exposed to carbon dioxide and water, a chemical reaction occurs, converting the gas to a chalk - like solid material.

Through these vents, volcanic activity in Earth's interior releases hot gases and dissolved minerals into the ocean and heats the water to temperatures of nearly 700 degrees Fahrenheit.

Scientists hypothesize that releases of toxic volcanic gases rendered the area's air and water lethal to most life in a short time.

It warned that if a similar eruption occurred, it could send rocks bigger than fist - size up to 8 km (5 miles) from the summit and volcanic gas to a distance of 10 km (6 miles) within three minutes.

The same volcanic eruptions that made the dark patches we can see on the moon spewed out enough hot gas to create an atmosphere billions of years ago

I won't argue that our added gases may contribute to the warming to some very, very small degree, but keep in mind, the ash plume from a good volcanic eruption such as the last big Pinatubo eruption eclipses into insignificants the amount of pollutants added to the atmosphere by human activity.

Some of the gas remained trapped in crystals near the volcanic vents, which were analyzed in the WSU study by doctoral student Klarissa Davis, Michael Rowe, now at the University of Auckland, and Owen Neill, now at the University of Michigan.

In the greater NZ region, we have undersea hot springs (hydrothermal vents of the Kermadecs), marine hydrocarbon seeps and gas hydrates (offshore eastern North Island — possible analogues for oceans on Icy Worlds), and terrestrial (on land) hot springs in the Taupo Volcanic Zone and elsewhere around the country.

Barnhart said the changes from dry to wet periods might have had to do with periods of greenhouse - gas outgassing associated with volcanic eruptions, large impacts, or a change in the tilt of Mars» rotation, though all that remains to be studied further.