Sentences with phrase «of warm subsurface»

Where things get a little mysterious is in the attribution of the warming subsurface to a change in the NA gyre circulation, which is attributed to a switch in the NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) from a positive to a negative phase.

Intruding water maintains a thick layer of warmer subsurface water several hundred meters thick.

The upper 3 meters of the world's oceans hold more heat than the entire atmosphere, so continual ventilation of just 10 meters of warmer subsurface water will affect the global average for decades.

Not exact matches

That remote winds on the opposite side of Antarctica can cause such a substantial subsurface warming is a worrying aspect of the circulation at the Antarctic margin.»

The planets of the TRAPPIST - 1 system could be complex worlds with volcanoes, atmospheres and warm subsurface oceans.

The basal melting due to subsurface warming represents an important component of the current ice mass loss,» Ezat points out.

They based it on a subsurface plume of warm water, called a Kelvin wave, surging from west to east across the tropical Pacific.

The moon's south pole has strange, warm fractures, and plumes of liquid water from a subsurface ocean many believed was impossible in such a small, cold world.

«The main result supports and extends earlier work, showing that human forcing contributes to changing winds that contribute to subsurface ocean warming, affecting some grounding zones of the ice sheet,» Alley said.

The search for this subsurface ocean warmed up after scientists discovered plumes of mineral - rich water vapor squirting out of cracks near the south pole.

Closer investigation of these plumes, originating from geysers blasting from polar fissures in Enceladus» icy crust, revealed this water was coming from a warm subsurface salty ocean and the water was laced with hydrocarbons and ammonia, or «many of the ingredients that life would need if it were to start in an environment like that,» Soderblom tells HowStuffWorks.

These episodes occurred toward the end of a period of hundreds of millions of years during which warm water interacted with subsurface rocks.

«Our interpretation is a shift from thinking that the warm, wet environment was mostly at the surface to thinking it was mostly in the subsurface, with limited exceptions,» said Scott Murchie of Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Md., a co-author of the report and principal investigator for CRISM.

There are fears that Arctic warming will worsen wildfires that, in turn, burn through subsurface layers of soil and hasten the thawing of permafrost beneath.

In the 3D simulations we find similar warming of the subsurface layers as in the 1D simulations (Figure 6).

Highly cited Holland et al 2008 (Acceleration of Jakobshavn Isbræ triggered by warm subsurface ocean waters) uses 20 year grided dataset of subsurf ocean T from commercial fishing industry.

That suggests warm Arctic air temperatures is largely due to ventilation of the abundant subsurface heat that resides between 100 and 900 meters below the surface.

... a pronounced strengthening in Pacific trade winds over the past two decades — unprecedented in observations / reanalysis data and not captured by climate models — is sufficient to account for the cooling of the tropical Pacific and a substantial slowdown in surface warming through increased subsurface ocean heat uptake.

In contrast to the surface warming trend of the Indian Ocean, Alory et al. (2007) found a subsurface cooling trend of the main thermocline over the Indonesian Throughflow region, that is, near EEIO, in 1960 — 99, the interval using the new Indian Ocean Thermal Archive.

Abstract:... Here we show that a pronounced strengthening in Pacific trade winds over the past two decades — unprecedented in observations / reanalysis data and not captured by climate models — is sufficient to account for the cooling of the tropical Pacific and a substantial slowdown in surface warming through increased subsurface ocean heat uptake.

Combine with Co2 warming the surface and it can just so happen that the two effects cancel at the surface for a «pause» while the wind / current driven heating of the subsurface causes extra heating in the subsurface.

Given this, it is quite clear that any reduction in the efficiency of upward radiation (by, say, reflecting it right back down again), will have to be compensated for by increasing the air / sea (skin) temperature difference, hence having a warmer subsurface temperature.

s the subsurface warms, the top of the gas hydrate stability zone will move downward.

I suppose that for a 3,7 W / m2 forcing, the additional energy of forcing + feedbacks is used for faster processes (melting ice, evaporation, warming of subsurface oceanic layers, etc.) and the new equilibrium is reach on a quite short timescale.

And what happens to all of the subsurface warm water that had shifted east during the El Niño and had remained below the surface.

Yan, X-H., H. Su, and W. Zhang, 2014: Contribution of global subsurface and deeper ocean warming to recent global surface warming hiatus.

New research shows how easterly winds in the summer of 2014 caused the anomalously warm subsurface water of the tropical Pacific — which presages an El Niño event and formed following the early 2014 westerly wind burst — to never discharge poleward, thereby remaining in the tropical Pacific and giving a head start to the developing 2015 - 16 El Niño.

dana1981 - An additional part of that correction is that the deeper subsurface Antarctic waters are (relatively) warmer than surface waters, not colder as stated in the OP.

While many sources of stress have caused corals to bleach, «mass» coral bleaching (at scales of 100 km or more) has only occurred when anomalously warm ocean temperatures, typically coupled with high subsurface light levels, exceeded corals» physiological tolerances.

The warm water and calm winds of this periodic Pacific tropical condition are «a big way to get subsurface heat back to the surface.»

Wang & Zhang (2013, http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00721.1): «Both observations and most of the phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) models also show that the warm (cold) phase of the AMO is associated with a surface warming (cooling) and a subsurface cooling (warming) in the tropical North Atlantic (TNA).

It is further shown that the warm phase of the AMO corresponds to a strengthening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and a weakening of the Atlantic subtropical cell (STC), which both induce an anomalous northward current in the TNA subsurface ocean.

«The authors write that «the El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a naturally occurring fluctuation,» whereby «on a timescale of two to seven years, the eastern equatorial Pacific climate varies between anomalously cold (La Niña) and warm (El Niño) conditions,» and that «these swings in temperature are accompanied by changes in the structure of the subsurface ocean, variability in the strength of the equatorial easterly trade winds, shifts in the position of atmospheric convection, and global teleconnection patterns associated with these changes that lead to variations in rainfall and weather patterns in many parts of the world,» which end up affecting «ecosystems, agriculture, freshwater supplies, hurricanes and other severe weather events worldwide.»»

Because the mean meridional temperature gradient of the subsurface ocean is positive because of the temperature dome around 9 ° N, the advection by the anomalous northward current cools the TNA subsurface ocean during the warm phase of the AMO.

The temperature of the water below the surface remained above - average, as the large area of warmer - than - average subsurface waters continued to move slowly to the east (a downwelling Kelvin wave).

In fact simultaneously with the strengthening warming of the subsurface western Pacific is an intensification of the cold subsurface tongue at the east Pacific (WUWT ENSO page).

report that ocean sediment cores containing an «undisturbed history of the past» have been analyzed for variations in PP over timescales that include the Little Ice Age... they determined that during the LIA the ocean off Peru had «low PP, diatoms and fish,» but that «at the end of the LIA, this condition changed abruptly to the low subsurface oxygen, eutrophic upwelling ecosystem that today produces more fish than any region of the world's oceans... write that «in coastal environments, PP, diatoms and fish and their associated predators are predicted to decrease and the microbial food web to increase under global warming scenarios,» citing Ito et al..

Then, as the La Nina of 1998/99/00 / 01 progressed, the trade winds, Pacific Equatorial Currents, and a phenomenon known as a Rossby wave returned the remaining surface and subsurface warm water to the western Pacific.

The layer of warm surface water that was blown west is then replaced by cooler water from the subsurface, cooling the entire tropical Pacific.

The strong warming of the subsurface ocean is a testament to this.

Localized rapid warming of West Antarctic subsurface waters by remote winds (Nature Climate Change)

Warming of surface ocean waters is well known, but how the subsurface waters are changing is less clear.

Based on a conceptual oceanographic model, the researchers propose a mechanism for the subsurface warming of the glacial Arctic Ocean: A reduced influx of freshwater to the Arctic Ocean acted to deepen the halocline and push the warm Atlantic Layer downward.

The new study published as a Letter in Nature Geoscience shows that the warm intermediate Atlantic Layer was displaced far downward in the glacial Arctic Ocean, resulting in a substantial warming at depths between 1000 and 2500 m. Based on a conceptual oceanographic model, the researchers propose a mechanism for the subsurface warming of the glacial Arctic Ocean: A reduced influx of freshwater to the Arctic Ocean acted to deepen the halocline and push the warm Atlantic Layer downward.

The study found that the Pacific Ocean is the main source of the subsurface warm water but some of these waters have already been pushed to the Indian Ocean.

«If the southern ocean forcing (subsurface warming) of the Antarctic ice sheets continues to grow, it likely will become impossible to avoid sea level rise of several meters, with the largest uncertainty being how rapidly it will occur,» the report states.

Reduced equatorial cloud cover during La Nina (due to the cooler sea surface temperature), combined with the strong upwelling (Ekman suction) in the eastern equatorial Pacific, does indeed lead to greater warming of the ocean - because it's bringing cool subsurface water to the surface, where it can be heated by the sun.

Seriously though, considering our lack of measurement continuity it is conceivable (if not entirely believable) that energy from the sun that heated a surface that then emitted IR that would have been radiated to space but instead was absorbed because of the slight increase in bandwidth coverage that a few extra CO2 molecules have provided and then emitted to Earth has been transferred through the sea surface unnoticed (cough, cough) and warmed subsurface layers.

... then why do the vertical mean temperature anomalies (NODC 0 - 2000 meter data) of the Pacific Ocean as a whole and of the North Atlantic fail to show any warming over the past decade, a period when ARGO floats have measured subsurface temperatures, providing reasonably complete coverage of the global oceans?

Based on discussions with my colleagues Rong Zhang and Mike Winton, this seems to be a consequence of an AMOC (Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation) which builds in strength when the aerosol cooling is strong, trying to balance a part of the cooling at the surface with warm waters advected in from the tropics, but also — by a process that is not particularly straightforward — cools the subsurface waters.