Researchers from Pennsylvania State University in University Park have found eleven species
of wild pollinators that are carrying some of the viruses found in honeybees.
Communities
of wild pollinators are more efficient overall than honeybees, he says.
Not exact matches
The provision
of structures providing food and shelter, and the lack
of pesticide use, attract new or re-colonizing species to the organic area (both permanent and migratory), including
wild flora and fauna (e.g. birds) and organisms beneficial to the organic system such as
pollinators and pest predators.
Declines in populations
of pollinators now threaten both the yields
of major food crops and the survival
of wild plant species.
Of the hundred principal crops that make up most of the world's food supply, only 15 percent are pollinated by domestic bees (mostly honey bees, bumble bees and alfalfa leafcutter bees), while at least 80 percent are pollinated by wild bees and other wildlife (as there are an estimated 25 000 bee species, the total number of pollinators probably exceeds 40 000 species
Of the hundred principal crops that make up most
of the world's food supply, only 15 percent are pollinated by domestic bees (mostly honey bees, bumble bees and alfalfa leafcutter bees), while at least 80 percent are pollinated by wild bees and other wildlife (as there are an estimated 25 000 bee species, the total number of pollinators probably exceeds 40 000 species
of the world's food supply, only 15 percent are pollinated by domestic bees (mostly honey bees, bumble bees and alfalfa leafcutter bees), while at least 80 percent are pollinated by
wild bees and other wildlife (as there are an estimated 25 000 bee species, the total number
of pollinators probably exceeds 40 000 species
of pollinators probably exceeds 40 000 species).
He was also a visiting research fellow at the University
of São Paulo in Brazil, visiting in 1998 to study
pollinator ecology, which included different species
of bees and hoverflies, and again in 2003 to study
wild bee ecology.
«Identifying which
of these candidate genes actually causes variation in responses to cold snaps will give us the potential to understand whether evolution to climate change can occur in both
wild and domesticated animals, allowing us to better predict which species or breeds will be «winners» and «losers» and to better mitigate the effects
of anthropogenic climate change on a wide range
of organisms from beneficial
pollinators to invasive pests,» said Theodore Morgan an associate professor
of evolutionary genetics in the Division
of Biology at Kansas State University and senior author
of the study.
«Not only are these insects vital as
pollinators of crops and
wild plants, but they also provide food for many birds and mammals,» said joint lead researcher Dr Ros Shaw, also
of the University
of Exeter.
Claire Kremen, a conservation biologist at the University
of California, Berkeley (and Harmon - Threatt's mentor), has shown that the diversity
of pollinators drops with increasing distance from
wild habitat, as does the number
of visits by
wild bees to flowering crops.
The researchers showed that floral scent is crucial for successful pollination: Manduca sexta hawk moths, the most important
pollinators of the
wild tobacco species Nicotiana attenuata, use their proboscis to smell the floral volatiles when they visit flowers.
As colony collapse disorder and other maladies continue to devastate honeybee populations, researchers are turning their attention to alternative
pollinators — the thousands
of native bee species throughout the country — and are looking for ways to make croplands more attractive to these
wild bees.
Raine said there is an increasing need for field - realistic research into the impact
of all pesticides on bumblebees and other
wild pollinators.
Bees and other insects pollinate many
of the world's important food crops and
wild plants, raising serious concerns about the impacts
of reported global
pollinator declines for food security and biodiversity.
Biology Letters published the research, which may have implications for the survival
of both rare
wild plants and major food crops as many
pollinator species are in decline.
Policies to manage these diseases need to take into account threats to
wild pollinators and be designed to reduce the impact
of these diseases not just on managed honeybees, but on our
wild bumblebees too.»
The study revealed multiple interconnected diseases that are threatening several species
of bumblebee and the managed honeybee, which are essential
pollinators of many agricultural crops and
wild flowers.
Declines in the pollination
of wild plants may lead to increases in the population
of plants that do not rely on
pollinators, and
pollinator declines would lead to decreases in crop yields, Fuentes noted.
The work described in this article will be published in a paper titled «In situ modeling
of multimodal floral cues attracting
wild pollinators across environments,» in the journal PNAS.
As global populations
of domestic bee
pollinators decline, it is
of utmost importance for us to understand what factors attract
wild pollinators such as hoverflies to flowers, and how these preferences differ in the face
of environmental change.
The teams» results are especially important with respect to our scarce knowledge
of what attracts
wild insect
pollinators to flowers.
As global populations
of domestic bee
pollinators decline, it is
of utmost importance for us to understand the factors that attract
wild pollinators such as hoverflies to flowers, and how these preferences differ in the face
of environmental change.
Major current projects include 1) Evaluating pesticide exposure and risk to
wild bees and managed honey bees in different landscapes, 2) Combining empirical data with network modeling to understand pathogen transmission in complex plant -
pollinator networks, and 3) Understanding how pesticide and pathogen stress influence bee behavior and delivery
of pollination services to agriculturally important crops.
A
wild tomato plant, Solanum peruvianum, from field - study sites in the Rio Fortaleza Valley in the Ancash Province
of Peru.The modeling study suggests that the herbivore - induced release
of protective chemical compounds limits population growth
of both the
pollinator and the flowering plant, thereby temporarily and indirectly restricting the growth
of herbivore populations and preventing extinction.
In it, she combines interesting facts about domestic and
wild animals with practical advice, personal stories and hands - on projects she's done with her family — like whipping up pet treats, learning how to help injured wildlife, growing a
pollinator garden and making jewelry from photographs
of their foster pets.
Although scientific debate continues on the ultimate causes
of CCD, Fhoneybee declines have served as an important wakeup call to protect both our managed and
wild pollinator species.
Honeybees play a key role in horticulture as they are significant
pollinators of fruit, crops, and
wild flowers.