The
loss of zooxanthellae makes the white calcium carbonate coral skeleton visible through the transparent tissue, making the coral appear bright white or «bleached».
The aforementioned research group demonstrated that the
expulsion of zooxanthellae at 27 °C (non-thermal stress conditions) is part of a regulatory mechanism that maintains zooxanthellal density and a stable carbon concentration with expulsion of digested or normal forms of symbionts.
Studies have revealed that the different
clades of zooxanthellae have different susceptibilities to thermal and light stress.
ref The selective
exchange of zooxanthellae is a potential mechanism by which corals might survive climate stressors, such as increased sea temperatures.
They found that many corals died immediately from the heat stress, but others died more slowly following the
depletion of their zooxanthellae — the yellowish brown symbiotic algae that live within most reef - building corals.
Also, because any visible bleaching probably indicated a loss of
most of the zooxanthellae originally present [46], it was appropriate to include any degree of bleaching, from pale and partially bleached to fully bleached colonies, as an indicator of significant stress in the corals.
These researchers consider that this
loss of zooxanthellae and the accumulation of damaged cells results in coral bleaching.
The loss
of these zooxanthellae is what we refer to as «coral bleaching».