Some of that produced water has been recycled in recent years for use in hydraulic fracturing, which helps make that method of
oil extraction more water efficient and reduces the competition for water between farms and oil fields.
Not exact matches
More bountiful still is
oil shale, a type of heavy
oil that lies between layers of rocks like North Dakota's shale -
oil but requires oilsand - like
extraction and upgrading techniques.
For starters, global
oil production appears
more closely in line with demand following a prolonged search for a new equilibrium amid a breakdown in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) cartel and increasingly productive
oil extraction technologies in North America.
That's
more than the retail trade industry and close to the value of the mining,
oil and gas
extraction industry.
Over the last year, the solar industry added jobs twelve times faster than the rest of the economy, even
more than the jobs created by the
oil and gas
extraction and pipeline sectors combined.
The
extraction and processing of a viscous
oil called «bitumen,» excavated from vast formations of sand just below the surface of Alberta's northern region, has come under fire because it requires
more energy than many other
oil operations.
Green groups oppose the project on the basis that pipeline expansion encourages the
extraction of
more oil and the release of the greenhouse gases that cause climate change.
In other cases, the story is
more nuanced: For example,
oil and gas
extraction firms benefit, while the producers of petroleum and coal products lose, echoing the tension between refiners and
oil - shale producers.
In other words the cheapest and most sensible approach to reducing greenhouse gases from current 732 megatonnes to a 2020 target of 620 megatonnes involves shrinking the
oil and gas industry by limiting bitumen
extraction, and not building
more pipelines.
You could also try supplementing your diet with MCT
oil which is a
more potent
extraction from coconut
oil.
The
extraction and refining conditions of copra
oil can also be modified to allow
more phenolic anti-oxidants to mix with copra
oil.
Oil sands extraction raises concerns among environmentalists because it generates more of the heat - trapping gases causing climate change than conventional oil drilling, among other thi
Oil sands
extraction raises concerns among environmentalists because it generates
more of the heat - trapping gases causing climate change than conventional
oil drilling, among other thi
oil drilling, among other things
Hagens points out that
oil extraction has evolved by leaps and bounds since the early 1900s, and yet companies must expend much
more energy to get less and less
oil than they did back then.
The term is also used
more generally to describe a host of unconventional
extraction techniques, such as horizontal drilling, which have helped make the United States the top producer of crude
oil in the world.
Crossing the salt barrier brings even
more complexity to deep -
oil extraction.
It will go down vertically for the first 1.1 miles, then bend eastward toward the fault at a 50 degree angle for another 1.8 miles, using the directional drilling techniques invented to allow
more complete
extraction of tough - to - reach
oil deposits.
Underground coal and uranium mining, and
oil recovery enhancement
extraction use between two - and - a-half to 13 times
more water per unit of energy produced.
Instead, the increased risk for seismicity is
more strongly linked with the subsequent injection of the wastewater from fracking and other
oil -
extraction processes into massive disposal wells that are thousands of feet underground.
Unlike the
more refined processed types of virgin coconut
oil current in the marketplace that are using wet milling, fermentation or expeller press
extraction which require additional heat and use centrifuge spinning (known as
oil polishing which reaches high heat during processing) to further clean and filter the
oil.
The reason that extra virgin olive
oil is good for you is that it is generally cold pressed without the use of heat and solvents to aid
extraction, and also contains MUCH LESS polyunsaturated fats than canola
oil, so is therefore
more stable.
Increases in
oil and gas
extraction as well as support activities for the mining and energy sector
more than offset a drop in mining and quarrying.
Even those with decent jobs in the top industries of
oil and gas
extraction are not immune to amassing
more debt than they can handle.
Very soon the cost of extracting one barrel of
oil will cost
MORE than one barrel of
oil to produce, making further
extraction a wasteful effort.
Environmentalists» statements about the massive greenhouse impact from
oil - sand carbon don't mention that it would take a millennium or
more, even at a breath - taking rate of
extraction of, say, 5 million barrels a day, for that CO2 impact to be fully realized (as if no new energy options, or methods for sopping up CO2, will arise in the future), as pointed out by Andrew Leach last June:
Or is the CO2 used for EOR just re-released into the atmosphere along with the carbon from yet
more oil extraction?
[7] Indeed, what they are advocating for is construction of vast new fossil fueled power plant capacity as a way to provide cheap CO2 to facilitiate
extraction of
more oil.
Meanwhile, 95 % goes toward exacerbating the problem, meaning the
extraction and production of even
more oil and gas sources.
Methane valued at
more than $ 1 billion escapes from
oil and natural gas
extraction processes in the U.S. each year, enough to heat 7 million homes.
Petro - Canada and its partners announced the formal design basis for the Fort Hills Project (FHP)-- an integrated
oil sands mining project that includes a mine and bitumen
extraction plant 90 kilometers north of Fort McMurray, Alberta and... Read
more →
But environmentalists have criticized the project because the
extraction and processing of the viscous
oil requires
more energy than many other
oil operations.
In the U.S.,
more people now work in the solar industry than in
oil and gas
extraction.
Oil and gas
extraction would drop as well, but
more gradually, as federal lands and waters represent a smaller fraction of national production, and these resources take longer to develop.
We have two main concerns: the risk of
oil spills along the pipeline, which would traverse highly sensitive terrain, and the fact that the
extraction of petroleum from the tar sands creates far
more greenhouse emissions than conventional production does.
I would add that many in the West may also want to weaken the power of non-western countries which have a lot of
oil resources compared to the West, and they may hope that having
more of the world shunning the use of
oil resources and the development of
oil extraction in the name of fighting «Global Warming» could be used to gain the economic upper hand over their competitors.
If combustion of the final products is included, the so - called «Well to Wheels» approach,
oil sands
extraction, upgrade and use emits 10 to 45 %
more greenhouse gases than conventional crude.
But the good news for tropical forests was tempered by developments including Indonesia announcing its intentions to open up
more than 2 million hectares of carbon - dense peatlands to old palm development; the collapse in law enforcement in Madagascar, contributing to an explosion of commercial timber (and lemur) harvesting in that country's spectacular rainforest parks; a breakdown at the RSPO meeting over efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from palm
oil production; violent conflict in Peru between government security forces and indigenous groups over land rights and resource
extraction; massive foreign land acquisitions in the Congo Basin; dodgy REDD dealings in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea; and large - scale expansion of
oil palm agriculture in the Amazon.
(But because
extraction accounts for only a small portion of
oil's carbon emissions, which primarily issue from the tailpipes of vehicles, the State Department calculates that
oil sands
oil is only 17 percent
more carbon - intensive when the entire lifecycle is considered.)
As reported in the Los Angeles Times in late April 2015, the US Geological Survey (USGS) released a map of earthquakes «thought to be triggered by human activity in the eastern and central United States» — coinciding with the emerging view of officials «that wastewater disposal following
oil and gas
extraction is causing
more earthquakes.»
The ratio of energy returned on energy invested (EROEI) for fossil energy production has tended to fall as high - quality deposits of
oil, coal, and natural gas are depleted, and as society relies
more on unconventional
oil and gas that require
more energy for
extraction, and on coal that is
more deeply buried or that is of lower energy content.
No
more pollution produced by the
extraction and consumption of
oil coal, gas and wood.
But the fact is that the remorseless working out of the big numbers, by which I mean the accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere and the nearly simultaneous arrival of peak
oil extraction, give us little time to make far
more sweeping changes.
This first step of tar sand
extraction is estimated to result in gasoline that carries a burden of «at least five times
more carbon dioxide» then would conventional «sweet crude»
oil production.
In any case the environmental degradation imposed by tar sands
extraction is severe, and certainly I would personally be very opposed to doing
more than extract enough
oil for vital needs, which in any case seems to be it's realistic capacity.
Because the
extraction of bitumen from those sands is an energy - intensive process, it emits
more greenhouse gases than the
extraction of
oil from conventional reservoirs.
But producing
oil sands is a messy, emissions - intensive business; according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the
extraction process produces 82 percent
more emissions than conventional
oil drilling.
It has also led them to explore for and develop
more carbon intensive unconventional fossil resources such as tight
oil, with associated increases in emissions from flaring; thermal enhanced
oil recovery, with increased emissions associated with producing steam, and
oil sands, with increased emissions associated with
extraction, upgrading and refining (Brandt et al. 2010).
If the price of
oil stays high enough and Russian taxes stay low enough to justify the costly
extraction of Arctic
oil reserves (the going rate for ice platforms is $ 15 billion a pop), this could keep Exxon on top of the world for decades, and it might do
more to cement U.S. — Russian relations than any deal in history.
Alberta alone accounts for
more than 96 per cent of Canada's
oil reserves and in 2010, about 140,000 people were directly employed in the mining, quarrying,
oil and gas
extraction sector, including the
oil sands.