A leaked draft version of a European Commission report on implementation of EU sustainable biofuels plans would permit classification of palm
oil plantations as intact forest, EU Observer reports.
Ngansou and other villagers in the area have embraced the planned palm
oil plantations as a welcome addition to a region that mostly survives on growing cassava, bananas, yam and coco, as well as the declining bush meat trade.
Not exact matches
Palsgaard has been a member of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm
Oil (RSPO) since 2008, and sees the topic of sustainability
as an essential issue for protecting the global environment, upholding biodiversity and providing suitable working conditions for local
plantation workers.
In general, the palm
oil industry has been linked to deforestation, habitat degradation, climate change, animal cruelty and indigenous rights abuses
as the land and forests must be cleared for development of
plantations.
An interdisciplinary team of scientists from the University of Göttingen, the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) in Leipzig and Bogor Agricultural University in Indonesia has now performed a complete and multidisciplinary assessment of all ecosystem functions in
oil palm
plantations as compared to lowland forests.
In addition, fuel from the world's limited supply of coconuts could drive up the price of the cooking
oil as well
as lead to further clearing of endangered rainforests in Southeast Asia for palm
plantation expansion.
«We found that nearly a billion metric tons of above - ground carbon stocks in Peru are at imminent risk for emission into the atmosphere due to land uses such
as fossil fuel
oil exploration, cattle ranching,
oil palm
plantations and gold mining,» Asner said.
But
oil - palm
plantations still aren't getting
as much
as they could out of their plants.
Though often illegal, the forests are cut down both for a booming pulp and paper industry
as well
as to clear land for
oil palm
plantations, which supply diverse industries from biofuel to soap to cosmetics.
In deforested areas, layers of peat — sometimes dozens of meters deep — become flammable
as they dry out, which is sometimes exacerbated by deliberate draining in order to make them more suitable for palm
oil and timber
plantations.
«The overwhelming cause of this biodiversity loss is land - use change, driven by the expansion of agriculture and
plantations for crops such
as oil palm.
The team sampled 23 streams in Borneo
as part of the SAFE (Stability of Altered Forest Ecosystems) Project, which investigates environmental changes across a gradient from primary forest to
oil palm
plantation.
The UN considers tree
plantations as forests, and therefore
oil palm and other
plantations can benefit from carbon credits.
The palm
oil industry in SE Asia is linked to major issues such
as deforestation, habitat degradation, climate change, animal cruelty and indigenous rights abuses in the SE Asia,
as the land and forests must be cleared for the development of the
oil palm
plantations.
The cotton, sugar and rice
plantations and most of the so - far exploited
oil fields lie in this area,
as does the majority of the population.
Palm
oil plantations decimate orangutan populations and threaten other endangered species such
as tigers, rhinoceros, and elephants indigenous to Malaysia and Indonesia, the two countries that produce 85 percent of the world's palm
oil.
Many organizations such
as the Rainforest Alliance, the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm
Oil (RSPO), the WWF, and the Rainforest Action Network (RAN) believe that there are sustainable ways to source palm oil without devastating the environment with time - bound policies, third - party verification, and an insistence on total traceability back to the plantation sour
Oil (RSPO), the WWF, and the Rainforest Action Network (RAN) believe that there are sustainable ways to source palm
oil without devastating the environment with time - bound policies, third - party verification, and an insistence on total traceability back to the plantation sour
oil without devastating the environment with time - bound policies, third - party verification, and an insistence on total traceability back to the
plantation source.
Another reviewer was even more critical, describing the failure to focus on
oil palm
plantations as «a huge hole in the paper and its conclusions,» akin to excluding «consideration of the availability of firearms on murder rates in the United States.»
Given their potential cost - effectiveness, logged forests represent an opportunity to increase connectivity between protected areas and to enlarge existing parks, two goals that are becoming increasingly urgent in Southeast Asia
as existing parks are illegally degraded or become increasingly isolated by conversion of adjacent areas to
oil palm
plantations and other agricultural lands.
As giant chunks of Indonesia's forests are destroyed to make way for palm oil plantations, the government and the businesses that operate in Indonesia need to move as fast as possible to sustainable production methods, as well as make sure that rights over the forest are legally and transparently establishe
As giant chunks of Indonesia's forests are destroyed to make way for palm
oil plantations, the government and the businesses that operate in Indonesia need to move
as fast as possible to sustainable production methods, as well as make sure that rights over the forest are legally and transparently establishe
as fast
as possible to sustainable production methods, as well as make sure that rights over the forest are legally and transparently establishe
as possible to sustainable production methods,
as well as make sure that rights over the forest are legally and transparently establishe
as well
as make sure that rights over the forest are legally and transparently establishe
as make sure that rights over the forest are legally and transparently established.
While planting trees for bioenergy would no doubt lead to an uptick in ozone pollution, it should be noted that burning fossil fuels — coal,
oil, and gas — is generally seen
as a larger and graver contributor to air pollution than tree
plantations.
Drilling the crude
oil, coal and natural gases from an beneath the earth has a number of environmental challenges such
as extensive land deformation and deforestation; which leads to a wastage of productive land that can be used
as a
plantation to boost the economy, water catchments and to grow human food.
Draining and burning these lands for agricultural expansion (such
as conversion to
oil palm or pulpwood
plantations) leads to huge spikes in greenhouse gas emissions.
«It emerged at the international level, through the combination of, among others: (1) the conservationist interests of big environmental NGOs in the North, (2) the interests of national and sub-national governments in the North seeking low - cost alternatives to supposedly «offset» their continued and excessive emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases, (3) the interests of national and sub-national governments in the South seeking to obtain financial resources for the «protection» of forests in their countries, (4) the interests of corporations that could profit from market - tradable «offset» credits, including through speculation on secondary (derivatives) markets, which would allow them to continue destroying the forests for the extraction of timber, minerals or
oil, the establishment of monoculture
plantations, etc., thus expanding their business opportunities, and (5) the interests of consultants and other actors involved in financial capital markets who want to turn «unexploited» forests into a new market for this type of capital, through the commercialization of «environmental services» such
as carbon sequestration, among others.»
Some of these are likely linked to forest management cycles (
as for Category 1), and others may be due to changes outside the forest, e.g.
oil palm
plantations or other agriculture
plantations.
With
oil palm
plantations covering vast areas of once - rainforest of Southeast Asia — primarily Indonesia and Malaysia — and encroaching into other tropical countries around the world, many now see palm
oil as a scourge rather than a savior.
The designation could increase the area of forest conserved within
oil palm
plantations provided it has high conservation significance, such
as serving
as habitat for endangered species like orangutans, Sumatran tigers, and rhinos.
To commit to no conversion of primary forests and high conservation value areas,
as well
as to limit the conversion of natural forests for
oil palm
plantations to the highest extent possible,
Relegated to ever smaller fragments of forest, wild orangutans began to face starvation
as their food sources were depleted, forcing them to venture into newly established
oil palm
plantations where they feed on the young shoots of palms, destroying the tree before it produces any
oil seeds.
In a July 29th editorial we argued that in some cases, preserving ecosystems for carbon credits could be more valuable than conversion for
oil palm
plantations (known
as sawit kelapa in Indonesia), providing higher tax revenue for the Indonesian treasury while at the same time offering attractive economic returns for investors.
Meanwhile, their habitat continues to vanish
as oil palm
plantations metastasize across the Indonesian and Malaysian landscapes.
As 2014 Goldman Prize winner Rudi Putra says, «We are not against palm
oil — we are only against it when palm
oil plantations destroy the forest.»
The Guardian article, «Palm
oil risk to Africa
as prospectors eye swaths of land,» describes how
plantations not only fail to deliver on the promise of jobs, but also hamper food security in the long run:
The jobs that are created by palm
oil plantations do little to benefit local communities
as they are often given to migrant workers and are rife with labor rights violations.
«The fires are burning in
plantation forests where they may have been set purposely in rotation
as a method of boosting crop production on
oil palm
plantations and timber
plantations — a practice known
as swidden — or slash - and - burn agriculture,» writes CIFOR's Julie Mollins in a blog post.
But many wetlands are being destroyed or degraded because their rich soil and their location in flat tropical lowlands or along coasts make them attractive for industrial operations such
as aquaculture and
oil palm or timber
plantations.
Bearded pigs in Malaysian Borneo appear to have adapted to
oil palm
plantations, a key driver of deforestation in the region, but still depend heavily on adjacent forests
as their...
The need to do so will only grow more urgent
as the number of such operators continues to increase, expanding their share of Indonesia's
oil palm
plantation area to 60 percent by 2030.
Helpful to a limited extent,
as the energy returned is good for energy invested, BUT the developed world is driving up the price of cooking
oil for the poorer countries by using food crops for biofuel and by folks putting palm
plantations in places that could be growing food.
But whatever it's called, it's clear that palm
oil production is leading to massive deforestation due to carbon - emitting activities like slashing and burning the forest to make way for palm
plantations,
as well
as habitat loss for a wide variety of species like orangutans, tigers, rhinoceros, and elephants.
Deforestation a Much Larger Issue Than Fossil Fuels in Many Places And it would be even more poignant had he been speaking about production of palm
oil in Indonesia and Malaysia, where due to greenhouse gas emissions associated with land conversion from rainforest to
plantations, the emissions from the fuel made from these crops can be nearly 10 times
as much
as from conventional fossil fuels.
Good that this loophole's been closed:
As Wetlands International reports agricultural
plantations on peat soils — those in Southeast Asia for palm
oil or other industrial agriculture
Though Indonesia and Malaysia seem hell bent on chopping down their rainforests and replacing them with palm
oil plantations, a new study in the journal Conservation Letters shows that selling carbon credits from the intact forests could be just
as profitable
as converting them to agriculture, and go a long way towards preserving biodiversity (not to mention stopping the orangutan from going extinct): In the article, report lead author Oscar Venter of the University of Queensland says that
oil palm
plantations currently threaten some 3.3 million hectares of forest in Kalimantan (the Indonesian part of the island or Borneo).
Hopefully you already are aware of the plight of orangutans in Borneo and Sumatra
as logging and palm
oil plantations continue to rapidly destroy their habitat.
So, if we compare carbon stocks in the biomass between a natural forest and
oil palm
plantation, the carbon stored in the
oil palm
plantation is much lower (182 / tons in pristine forest vs. 24 tons / ha just in the aboveground biomass; see Hergoualc» h and Verchot 2011, Global Biogeochemical Cycles)
as is productivity.
Indonesia's natural forests, losing 2 million hectares a year, have suffered some of the heaviest cutting and could disappear within 10 years
as they give way to timber and
oil - palm
plantations.
Without consumer support for sustainable palm
oil, including paying the slight premium that it fetches, the whole thing could come crumbling down, with potentially devastating consequences for the biodiversity of Borneo (where the majority of palm
oil is produced) and the orangutan in particular,
as well
as climate change due to increasing carbon emissions when carbon - storing rainforest is turned into
oil palm
plantation.
The Program for Sustainable Production of Palm
Oil, announced today by Brazilian President Lula da Silva, is novel in its approach to protecting standing forests while allowing cultivation in areas that have been deforested in the past, namely for use
as short - lived sugarcane
plantations or lumber operations.
Amphibians such
as frogs are especially vulnerable to these alterations, and depend upon a variety of aquatic sites for reproduction that are typically not found in the relatively drier conditions of
oil palm
plantations.
These officials are apparently arguing that
oil - palm
plantations store and sequester many times the amount of CO2
as natural forests, and therefore that converting forests for
plantations is the best way to fight climate change.