Here's (from a different site and project) http://www.biology.ufl.edu/ecosystemdynamics/CiPEHR.html a good description of how to tell
old carbon from «recent» Holocene carbon: http://www.polartrec.com/expeditions/carbon-balance-in-warming-and-drying-tundra-2013/journals/2013-04-18
It pumps million - year -
old carbon from inside the earth into the atmosphere, where the concentration of carbon dioxide is increasing.
Not exact matches
I should also mention this is $ / tonne of
carbon, while the IPCC report you linked to (which is itself based in part on runs
from (an
older version of) this same model) mostly quotes $ / tonne of CO2.
I'm guessing you are not so stupid as to ignore all the fossil evidence,
carbon dating, and light source definition
from other planets and still believe that the earth is not millions of years
old.
But by stopping the destruction of mature (
old - growth) forests, we prevent a huge amount of
carbon from going into the atmosphere, and by promoting Earth - friendly planting and management of young forests, we absorb large amounts of atmospheric
carbon.
This graphic depicts the
carbon intensity of shipping wine
from various global wine regions to key U.S. cities and bases its data on a seriously flawed, two - year -
old working paper that is filled with untested assumptions, has not been peer reviewed, and does not accurately reflect the complexities of greenhouse gas emissions in the wine sector.
This will save First Milk
from having to upgrade the
old, inefficient plant, reducing their effluent treatment costs and
carbon footprint, while cutting operational costs, which are borne by Lake District Biogas.
So if you have
old or damaged mobiles, sell mobile phones online to help out the economy and protect us
from the clutches of
carbon emissions.
Mass Audubon promotes conservation of our forest resources, including
old growth reserves, for wildlife habitat and public benefit and for the capture of
carbon from the atmosphere in forest growth and soils.
Bikes must remain compliant for 50,000 km (less for smaller bikes) Myth busting reality: Bikes release a much higher amount of
carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons than cars Catalytic converters can be fitted to motorcycles and routinely are Bikes over 7 years
old will not be banned
from entering town centres Measures Outside of Type Approval
Determining the rate of
old carbon release
from permafrost had been a challenge for researchers, since vegetation that grows in thawed permafrost in forest and tundra systems releases its own modern organic
carbon into soils, which readily decomposes and dilutes the «
old carbon» signal
from thawing permafrost soils.
Although he was only 14 years
old, he decided that he could save the world by developing a method for synthesizing oxygen
from carbon dioxide and light.
Biologist Sebastiaan Luyssaert of the University of Antwerp in Belgium and his colleagues surveyed all the existing measurements of how much
carbon is absorbed and released
from old - growth forests (exclusively in temperate and boreal forests due to a lack of extensive data on tropical forests).
Future City London An
old industrial site gets a green makeover In 2006 London produced 8 percent of the United Kingdom's 560.6 million tons of
carbon emissions, 70 percent of it
from residential sources.
The researchers collected soils
from recently clear - cut forests and
from older forests, and pulled
carbon from the soil in a sequence of gentle to stronger extractions.
Lighter components, including hydrogen and
carbon monoxide in a mixture similar to Britain's
old town gas, rise to the top of the chamber,
from where they can be vented for use as fuel.
The astronomers narrowed their search to stars between five and ten million years
old —
old enough to host full - fledged planetary systems and debris disks — and used ALMA to examine the millimeter - wavelength «glow»
from the
carbon monoxide in the stars» debris disks.
The particles» incredible brightness makes some astronomers suspect that the rings are much younger than the planet: If they were
old, they would have been darkened by accumulated
carbon from meteoroid impacts.
Mary Kang, then a doctoral candidate at Princeton, originally began looking into methane emissions
from old wells after researching techniques to store
carbon dioxide by injecting it deep underground.
At one site, named Noulo, they turned up 206 tool - like pieces of stone, mostly quartz and granite, whose varying ages —
from 230 to 4,300 years
old — they estimated by
carbon - dating burned charcoal buried in the soil alongside.
In September 2005, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a United Nations organization that includes scientists
from nearly every country in the world, released a report estimating that 2 trillion tons of
carbon dioxide could be stored in
old coal mines, abandoned oil and gas fields, and in various other geologic formations around the world.
Using something like CHESS to see whether you have ionized or neutral
carbon, or even
carbon monoxide molecules tells you more about how
old the cloud is and can help scientists learn how stars form
from these clouds.
Piecing together
old and new data
from 946 seagrass meadows around the world, an international team of researchers estimated that seagrass captures 27.4 million tonnes of
carbon each year, burying it in the soil below.
While microbial biochemist James Ferry and geomicrobiologist Christopher House of Pennsylvania State University in State College were studying the Methanosarcina acetivorans microbe, they noticed that it had a unique biochemistry: Many of the
oldest bacteria on Earth can convert
carbon monoxide into methane, but this microbe has the added ability to produce acetate
from carbon monoxide as well.
Despite comparatively intense bombardment by large impactors, chemical and radio - isotopic trace evidence of what appears to be biologically processed
carbon in Earth's
oldest surviving rocks —
from western Greenland's Isua greenstone belt that are as
old as 3.85 billion years — suggest that self - replicating,
carbon - based microbial life became well developed during Earth's first billion years of existence.
The astronomers used the Atacama Large Millimeter Array, or ALMA, in Chile, to examine dust and
carbon monoxide (CO) molecules in a disk surrounding the bright star, Beta Pictoris, which is only 20 million years
old and is located about eight Astronomical Units, or AU (1 AU = 93 million miles)
from Earth.
One is that the risk that future global warming will trigger methane release
from these large natural reservoirs of
old carbon seems to be low.
If climate change were to trigger large emissions of methane to the atmosphere
from these
old carbon reservoirs, the result would be even more warming.
A new study to be published in Astrophysical Journal letters on Oct. 15, lead by John Silverman at the Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, studied
carbon monoxide (CO) gas content in seven starburst galaxies far away
from when the Universe was a young four billion years
old.
Analysis wood samples
from Tertiary rocks yielded significant
carbon - 14 indicating was only thousands years
old, millions following are number arguments why theory evolution (and all is) can not correct, has correct.
This is good news for all the futurists who have been telling us about a forthcoming change
from nasty,
old carbon - based fossil fuels to an energy economy based on clean - burning hydrogen.
The Corolla didn't change much over the course of the ninth generation, which means that aside
from the mileage on the odometer,
older Corollas and newer Corollas are almost
carbon copies.
But at seven, when he worked out
from his big brother's radiology textbook that you ought to be able to tell how
old a rock was
from the amount of undecayed
carbon in it, he'd had to get past Nikolai's indulgent medical - student smile before he would pay attention, and start talking about the idea seriously, the way he needed.
This was an
old TV and the picture quality was terrible, but it was quite clear to Kate that Zoe was now sitting on a twelve - thousand - dollar American prototype race bike with a matte black monocoque frame made
from high - modulus unidirectional
carbon fiber, while she herself was sitting on a Klippan sofa
from Ikea, with pigmented epoxy / polyester powder - coated steel legs and a removable, machine - washable cover in Almås red.
At the time (1988, & PPM 345), Ramanathan's comprehensive assessment of «other» gases was only a couple years
old, telescoping the «relevance» of
carbon from beyond one's lifetime, to the practical.
«It also means that big,
old trees are better at absorbing
carbon from the atmosphere than has been commonly assumed.»
It's good
old fashioned black
carbon soot — a visible pollutant with measurable effects on human health both in poor places, where it comes
from cooking or heating using coal, firewood or dung, and rich countries, where it is produced mainly through the combustion of diesel and similar fuels and
from some industries.
Of course until the in vitro is commercially viable and low - energy (if ever), we can stick with the really easy, inexpensive, lower -
carbon,
old - school (Diet for a Small Planet) approach of just shifting our diets more towards plants and away
from animal products.
Humans have (1) converted vast forests to agriculture, and (2) converted vast forests
from carbon rich
old growth to
carbon deficit tree farms.
There's plenty more, including a great question about making climate - friendly fuels using
carbon dioxide captured
from air, posed by 14 - year -
old Benji Fields (the son of a friend).
Fully contracted renewable energy projects have the least transition risk while
older, inefficient merchant coal plants are likely to suffer disproportionately
from the financial effects of
carbon transition such as lower wholesale prices, the cost of
carbon credits, lower capacity factors and increased operating or capital costs, according to the report.
The new CO2 in the air is not coming
from the biosphere, since it is deficient in
carbon - 14 — i.e., it is very
old, as in fossil fuel.
The state also has a five - year -
old law banning power companies
from importing coal - fired electricity by setting steep
carbon emissions standards.
Radioisotopes for
carbon changes inform that the
carbon comes
from old sequestered
carbon, like oil, gas and coal deposits.
For example, this poll is a bit
old (
from 2009), but it shows that ``... 58 % support a tax on
carbon emissions to create incentives to reduce emissions and increase efficiency, and that provides tax refunds to individuals and households to offset the overall impact of the
carbon tax....»
But to win money
from the newly - available federal Clean Coal Power Initiative, Southern now promised to also use TRIG to capture most of the plant's
carbon dioxide, which would be compressed and piped out to
older underproducing oil fields and injected into the ground to drive more oil to the surface — a process called enhanced oil recovery.
The reason: Since 2012,
carbon pollution
from the states» traditionally coal - heavy power sectors has dropped significantly, as new gas power plants have replaced
older, less efficient coal plants.
The problem with using corals, speleothems etc is that in contrast to trees these do not derive their
carbon direct
from the atmosphere, so it is necessary to correct for admixture of «
old»
carbon, an admixture that may well have varied widely over time.
A new study
from the University of Minnesota found secondary tropical forests are able to sequester 11 times more
carbon than
old - growth forests.
Terrestrial mosses get their
carbon from the atmosphere so have no source of
old carbon — unless they are growing on a volcanic fumeroles or hotspring out - gassing CO2.