I was interested to read your article on blood from umbilical cords rejuvenating
old mouse brains (29 April, p 18).
But in this case, the undifferentiated stem cells, harvested from 14 - day -
old mouse brains, did not simply replace neurons that had died off.
Not exact matches
These
mice performed better than their normal counterparts on learning tests well into
old age, and their
brains did not exhibit the decline in neurogenesis typically seen in aged
mice.
To find out more about what underlies the cognitive decline that occurs with ageing, André Fischer of the European Neuroscience Institute in Göttingen, Germany, and colleagues analysed DNA from the
brains of both young and
old mice that had been set tasks involving learning and memory.
By the time the
mouse was 10 months
old, it had also lost
old plaques, as shown in these
brain samples.
But the
brains of 10 - month -
old Alzheimer's
mice that had a severely reduced amount of an enzyme called BACE1 were essentially clear of new and
old plaques.
The researchers studied
mice engineered to develop plaques in their
brains when the animals are about 10 weeks
old.
The
brains of
mice engineered to develop Alzheimer's disease were riddled with these plaques, clumps of amyloid - beta protein fragments, by the time the animals were 10 months
old.
Ingredients in young blood can rejuvenate
old mice's bodies and
brains.
Eggen and his collaborators investigated the impact of high - and low - fat diets on inflammation and microglial markers in a specific
brain region — the hypothalamus — of 6 - month -
old mice.
They used a somewhat bizarre technique in which two
mice were sutured together in such as way that they shared a circulatory system (known as parabiosis), and found
old mice joined to their youthful counterparts showed changes in gene activity in a
brain region called the hippocampus as well as increased neural connections and enhanced «synaptic plasticity» — a mechanism believed to underlie learning and memory in which the strength of neural connections change in response to experience.
They examined the
mice's
brains at 4 months
old.
A preclinical study in
mice published by Cell Press January 16th in the journal Cell reveals that drugs known as histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) can enhance the
brain's ability to permanently replace
old traumatic memories with new memories, opening promising avenues for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other anxiety disorders.
Five years ago, researchers at the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, showed that the UPR is an adaptive response to stress induced by sleep deprivation and is impaired in the
brains of
old mice.
Young
mice paired with
old mice (left chart, two - toned) made fewer new cells in the
brain's hippocampus than when paired with another young
mouse (yellow).
Importantly, levels of total tau and tau tangles in the
brains of treated 12 - month -
old mice were lower than in untreated 9 - month -
old mice, suggesting that the treatment not only had stopped but reversed the buildup of tau.
MISS MATCH After paw stimulation, nerve cells in the
brain of a 7 - day -
old mice become active (top row, left), but blood doesn't show up (bottom row, left).
Old mice made hundreds more new brain cells when paired with a young mouse (right chart, two - toned) than when paired with an old mouse (tea
Old mice made hundreds more new
brain cells when paired with a young
mouse (right chart, two - toned) than when paired with an
old mouse (tea
old mouse (teal).
Those antibodies also seemed to help the
brains of
older mice that had aged naturally, the team found.
Plasma from
old mice didn't have a strong effect when injected into young
mice genetically engineered to lack VCAM1 in certain blood -
brain barrier cells.
A protein in blood can repair age - related damage in the
brains and muscles of
old mice, returning them to a more youthful state.
When the researchers measured the amount of virus present in different tissues, they found that, in addition to more virus in their blood and spleens, the
older mice had 20-fold higher virus levels in their
brains — which likely causes the excess deaths.
In the
brain study, the researchers injected 15 - month -
old mice — which is just over half their natural life span — with GDF11 daily for a month.
Old blood can prematurely age the
brains of young
mice, and scientists may now be closer to understanding how.
After the final stressors were administered, the researchers gave the young
mice a round of behavioral tests and then waited until the
mice reached adulthood, at about 10 weeks
old, to see if their different upbringings had affected their cognitive abilities or
brain morphology.
Specifically, they looked at eIF2alpha phosphorylation and the regulation of protein synthesis in the
mice's hippocampus region — the part of the
brain responsible for the retrieval of
old memories and the encoding of new ones.
Now, the first study of its kind in
mice suggests that the
brain may clear away that
old information in the process of forming new memories.
When Yousef injected plasma from people in their late 60s into the bodies of 3 - month -
old mice — about 20 years
old in human terms — the
mice's
brains showed signs of ageing.
Young blood gave a lift to
old brains and bodies — in
mice, at least.
All found that
old mice get better at learning and remembering when they have young blood circulating in their
brains.
The researchers measured NF - κB activation in
mouse brains as they aged and noted that, while the protein was barely active in the hypothalamuses of young
mice, it became increasingly active as the
mice got
older.
The researchers used CRISPR / Cas9 gene editing, delivered by a viral vector, to snip part of a gene producing toxic protein aggregates in the
brains of 9 - month
old mice.
Using a technique called parabiosis, in which the vascular systems of two
mice are surgically connected, Villeda's lab had previously discovered that infusing
old mice with the blood of younger
mice leads to
brain rejuvenation, including improvements in learning and memory, while infusions of
old blood cause premature
brain aging in young
mice.
When they looked at
brains from these
mice, the researchers noticed that hippocampal nerves that were between 1 and 2 months
old could dramatically increase or decrease the amount of signaling chemicals they receive from neighboring nerves.
The study found that the microglia cells — the immune cells of the
brain — in middle - aged
mice already showed altered activity seen in microglia from
older mice.
Even 9 - month -
old mice (around middle age) improved after receiving the injections, suggesting that their
brains could recuperate partially after half a lifetime of damage.
To do this, a group of researchers recently used genetic techniques to remove huntingtin from adult
mice of different ages, then studied their
brains and behavior until
old age.
Young
mice normally have an abundance of RbAp48 protein in their
brains, and
older mice have about half as much.
We were unable to confirm the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise in the frontal cortex using inflammatory gene expression, as the Grn − / −
mice used in this study (∼ 8 months when
brains were collected) were not
old enough to manifest these changes, which become prominent around 1 year of age (Ahmed et al., 2010; Wils et al., 2012).
To test the hypothesis that exercise could increase
brain progranulin levels in Grn + / −
mice, we solo - housed 6 - month -
old wild - type (Grn + / +), Grn + / −, and Grn − / −
mice in standard
mouse cages or cages with running wheels for 7.5 weeks.
Greater running distance in the 2 - to 3 - month -
old mice may partially explain these data, but the solo - housed wild - type
mice used to test solo - versus group - housing (Fig. 5) ran similar distances as the young
mice, yet did not show any increase in
brain progranulin levels.
«After his experiments demonstrated improvements in memory and «rejuvenation» in the
brain in
old mice with young blood, we thought to try a small, phase one trial, in patients.»
The active ingredient THC appears to restore
brain function in
older mice to similar levels seen in young
mice.
One of Frankland's own studies in
mice, for example, found that as new
brain cells are formed in the hippocampus — a region of the
brain associated with learning new things — those new connections overwrite
old memories and make them harder to access.
In
old mice, FMD cycles promoted
brain growth (hippocampal neurogenesis), which would be a nice thing to have happen in humans!
«When we provided the
old mice luteolin in the diet, it reduced inflammation in the
brain and, at the same time, restored working memory to what was seen in young cohorts,» study researcher Rodney Johnson, a professor at the university, said in a statement.
Your molecular clock is ticking faster 22.11.2009 High vitamin D level lengthens life expectancy of elderly Dutch 21.11.2009 Constant fight against appetite reduces life expectancy 09.11.2009 Stress reduces life expectancy at molecular level 07.11.2009 Animal study: melatonin extends lifespan 25.10.2009 Fish fatty acids reduce age - related physical performance decline 24.10.2009
Old muscles weaker, but tire less quickly than young ones 23.10.2009 How creatine lengthens your lifespan 20.10.2009 Melatonin keeps brain cells young 03.10.2009 Long marriage adds years to your life 18.09.2009 Drink three cups of tea a day and add five years to your life 11.09.2009 Life extending bacteria found in gut of Chinese centenarians 08.08.2009 Your initials determine how old you get 30.07.2009 Lecithin anti-aging supplement keeps hearing sharp 18.06.2009 Live ten years longer with just one multivitamin pill per day 06.06.2009 Life - extending effect of virgin olive oil shown in fat rats 22.05.2009 Daily dose of Echinacea lengthens life expectancy 24.04.2009 The less you sit, the older you'll get 21.04.2009 Animal study: nori contains life prolonging substance 06.04.2009 Vegetarianism is healthy, but not because of lack of animal protein 27.03.2009 Meditation lengthens lifespan 20.02.2009 Live longer with healthy fats 30.12.2008 Vitamin D delays aging at genetic level 28.12.2008 Physical exercise delays molecular aging by ten years 25.12.2008 How a low - carb diet helps against aging 23.12.2008 Vitamin D extends your life expectancy 22.12.2008 Too much growth hormone reduces life expectancy 07.11.2008 S - Words extend lifespan of writers and psychologists 11.10.2008 Creatine extends lifespan of mice 08.10.2008 Slim - waisted rats live longer 23.09.2008 Gingko lengthens rats» lifespan 12.09.2008 Strong men live longer 31.08.2008 Male orgasm prolongs life 23.08.2008 Ginkgo prolongs life 17.08.2008 Ginkgo protects the elderly against the first signs of Alzheimer's 16.08.2
Old muscles weaker, but tire less quickly than young ones 23.10.2009 How creatine lengthens your lifespan 20.10.2009 Melatonin keeps
brain cells young 03.10.2009 Long marriage adds years to your life 18.09.2009 Drink three cups of tea a day and add five years to your life 11.09.2009 Life extending bacteria found in gut of Chinese centenarians 08.08.2009 Your initials determine how
old you get 30.07.2009 Lecithin anti-aging supplement keeps hearing sharp 18.06.2009 Live ten years longer with just one multivitamin pill per day 06.06.2009 Life - extending effect of virgin olive oil shown in fat rats 22.05.2009 Daily dose of Echinacea lengthens life expectancy 24.04.2009 The less you sit, the older you'll get 21.04.2009 Animal study: nori contains life prolonging substance 06.04.2009 Vegetarianism is healthy, but not because of lack of animal protein 27.03.2009 Meditation lengthens lifespan 20.02.2009 Live longer with healthy fats 30.12.2008 Vitamin D delays aging at genetic level 28.12.2008 Physical exercise delays molecular aging by ten years 25.12.2008 How a low - carb diet helps against aging 23.12.2008 Vitamin D extends your life expectancy 22.12.2008 Too much growth hormone reduces life expectancy 07.11.2008 S - Words extend lifespan of writers and psychologists 11.10.2008 Creatine extends lifespan of mice 08.10.2008 Slim - waisted rats live longer 23.09.2008 Gingko lengthens rats» lifespan 12.09.2008 Strong men live longer 31.08.2008 Male orgasm prolongs life 23.08.2008 Ginkgo prolongs life 17.08.2008 Ginkgo protects the elderly against the first signs of Alzheimer's 16.08.2
old you get 30.07.2009 Lecithin anti-aging supplement keeps hearing sharp 18.06.2009 Live ten years longer with just one multivitamin pill per day 06.06.2009 Life - extending effect of virgin olive oil shown in fat rats 22.05.2009 Daily dose of Echinacea lengthens life expectancy 24.04.2009 The less you sit, the
older you'll get 21.04.2009 Animal study: nori contains life prolonging substance 06.04.2009 Vegetarianism is healthy, but not because of lack of animal protein 27.03.2009 Meditation lengthens lifespan 20.02.2009 Live longer with healthy fats 30.12.2008 Vitamin D delays aging at genetic level 28.12.2008 Physical exercise delays molecular aging by ten years 25.12.2008 How a low - carb diet helps against aging 23.12.2008 Vitamin D extends your life expectancy 22.12.2008 Too much growth hormone reduces life expectancy 07.11.2008 S - Words extend lifespan of writers and psychologists 11.10.2008 Creatine extends lifespan of
mice 08.10.2008 Slim - waisted rats live longer 23.09.2008 Gingko lengthens rats» lifespan 12.09.2008 Strong men live longer 31.08.2008 Male orgasm prolongs life 23.08.2008 Ginkgo prolongs life 17.08.2008 Ginkgo protects the elderly against the first signs of Alzheimer's 16.08.2008
Meditation delays molecular aging 12.06.2012 Lower your heart rate and live longer 22.05.2012 Just 15 minutes» walking per day extends life expectancy 14.05.2012 Contented men live longer, contented women don't 29.04.2012 Survival tip: eat chicken instead of beef 23.04.2012 Contented people live longer 22.04.2012 Walking, not running, delays cell aging 05.04.2012 Stay fit and untroubled by negative feelings for a long life 04.04.2012 Grow
old healthily with green tea 11.03.2012 Watching TV is soooo bad for you 29.02.2012 Live longer with monounsaturated fatty acids 22.02.2012 Exercise delays aging as much as caloric restriction does 02.02.2012 Get fit, delay aging 30.01.2012 How beta - alanine can extend your life expectancy 27.01.2012 Being fit protects your cells from rusting 26.01.2012 High blood sugar level makes you look
older 22.01.2012 Optimists live longer 24.12.2011 Yoga makes diabetics healthier 29.11.2011 Belief in a just world extends life expectancy 27.11.2011 Sleep better — live longer 25.11.2011 Forgive and live longer 28.10.2011 Probiotic bacteria LKM512 extends lifespan in animal study 24.10.2011 Animal study: Royal Jelly has life extending properties 18.10.2011 L - Arginine: «the best anti-aging remedy» 02.10.2011 Test - tube study: ashwagandha inhibits Alzheimer's 10.08.2011 Live longer — take carnosine 04.08.2011 Creatine - Q10 combination protects
brain cells and lengthens lifespan: animal study 15.07.2011 Fish oil helps aging
mice live longer 02.07.2011 Hard workers live longer 12.06.2011 Supercentenarians are extremely healthy 06.06.2011 Why sculptors live longer than painters 03.06.2011 Afternoon nap helps you live longer 01.06.2011 Calorie burning reduces mortality in elderly 17.05.2011 Eat more beans and live longer 11.05.2011 Raise your VO2max to delay ageing 18.04.2011 Lithium in drinking water helps you live longer 16.04.2011 Nonagenarians with resilience will make it to 100 14.04.2011 Royal Jelly rejuvenates pituitary: animal study 02.04.2011 Four healthy habits can prolong your life by fourteen years 19.03.2011 The rejuvenating effect of 45 minutes» running every day: animal study 28.01.2011 So vitamin E does extend life expectancy... 27.11.2010 Carnosine extends lifespan in animal study 10.11.2010 BCAAs extend lifespan in animal study 28.10.2010 Elderly are fitter with Cordyceps sinensis 08.10.2010 Glucosamine and chondroitin users live longer 24.06.2010 Rhodiola rosea extends life in animal study 18.06.2010 Runners» testes stay young 10.06.2010 Drink green tea instead of water — and live longer 24.05.2010 Low - carb diet delays aging and promotes health 19.05.2010 Q10 makes worms live longer 09.05.2010 Diet of coffee, nuts and berries keeps you healthy 26.04.2010 Delay aging without hunger with life extenders in green apples 19.04.2010 Endogenous growth hormone keeps
older athletes young 09.04.2010 Men who take ginseng live longer 19.03.2010 Animal study: Canadian longevity stacker works 05.03.2010 Human study: omega - 3 fatty acids delay molecular ageing 08.02.2010 Fish oil lengthens life in animal study 07.02.2010 Curious?
The feature includes some clips of «Runaway
Brain»,
older shorts, «House of
Mouse», and even the costumed Mickey
Mouse at Disney's parks, as well.
The first thing that struck me in the
old brain when clutching the Kone Aimo is that it's a chunky beast, the overall width, length and height putting it firmly into the category of larger
mice for the larger person who has hands capable of choking lions.