Not exact matches
The plume is far
older than the recent period
of atmospheric warming; indeed, at 50 million to 110 million years
old, it's
older than our species and the West Antarctic
Ice Sheet itself.
«Very
old ice probably exists in small isolated patches at the base
of the
ice sheet that have not yet been identified, but in many places it has probably melted and flowed out into the ocean.»
Scientists estimate the lake itself is roughly 14 million years
old — the age
of the
ice sheet that covers it — and that the water currently in the lake is roughly 1 million years
old.
But the bottoms - up
ice formation could make finding that
old ice harder, since the new layer
of ice scrambles the
older layers
of ice above it, or it could make it easier, because the
older ice will be closer to the surface
of the
ice sheet.
The
oldest ice, trapped in the deepest part
of the
ice sheet, could reveal temperatures eons ago.
Many
older models
of Greenland assumed that its massive
ice sheet sat on bedrock that was relatively flat, even though scientists did not know the full thickness
of the
ice.
«The effort to use the
old photographs to learn how the margins
of the
ice sheet have changed is wonderful,» said Richard Alley, a glaciologist at Pennsylvania State University.
In the lab, ancient bacteria from
ice samples 420,000 years
old, retrieved from more than 2 miles (3 km) inside the
ice sheet, have quickly shown signs
of life.
It's hard to make a lot
of sense out
of «previously thought» because the «
old thought» in general was that
ice sheets were fairly stagnant on decadal timescales.
Our
older projections, which were developed to be consistent with some key findings
of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)'s Fifth Assessment Report, assumed a steady increase in the rate
of ice -
sheet shrinkage.
The compression fuses
old, buried snowflakes together until they become a dense, rock - hard
sheet of ice.
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National Snow and
Ice Data Center This comprehensive National Snow and Ice Data Center Web site, useful for teacher reference or for older students, includes information on snow and ice as indicators of climate change, snow avalanches, blizzards, historical snow data, the climate of the Arctic and Antarctic regions, glaciers, sea ice, ice sheets, ice shelves, and iceber
Ice Data Center This comprehensive National Snow and
Ice Data Center Web site, useful for teacher reference or for older students, includes information on snow and ice as indicators of climate change, snow avalanches, blizzards, historical snow data, the climate of the Arctic and Antarctic regions, glaciers, sea ice, ice sheets, ice shelves, and iceber
Ice Data Center Web site, useful for teacher reference or for
older students, includes information on snow and
ice as indicators of climate change, snow avalanches, blizzards, historical snow data, the climate of the Arctic and Antarctic regions, glaciers, sea ice, ice sheets, ice shelves, and iceber
ice as indicators
of climate change, snow avalanches, blizzards, historical snow data, the climate
of the Arctic and Antarctic regions, glaciers, sea
ice, ice sheets, ice shelves, and iceber
ice,
ice sheets, ice shelves, and iceber
ice sheets,
ice shelves, and iceber
ice shelves, and icebergs.
• Nespresso Coffee makers complete with Decaffeinato Internso, Ristretto and Arpeggio coffee capsules • Mouthwash, large soap bar, bath salts and Loofah pads • LCD Television — 46» • Cable TV connection with pay - per - view channel • Fairmont channel and Safety channel • Telephone on nightstand with should be multi functional with pre-set buttons and message light capabilities • Fairmont mattress and bed ensemble • Feather duvet • 4 sleeping pillows • Environmental
Sheet Exchange Card • Duvet Cover • Bed Service tray placed on the bed with Fairmont magazine, In Room Dining Menu, Laundry Service, Remote Control, Breakfast Doorknob Menu • In Room magazines for guestrooms must be
of high quality • Full - length mirror • Manual Alarm clock • Refreshment Center or small refrigerator • Refreshment Center equipment (2
old fashioned water glasses, 2 wine glasses, 8 hotel - branded cocktail napkins, 1 hotel - branded corkscrew, 1 hotel - branded bottle opener, 2 Fairmont branded styrene stir sticks,
ice bucket with
ice tongs and paper liner) • Tea coffee making facilities (including 1 tray, 2 coffee mugs, 1 pouch
of regular coffee, 1 pouch
of decaffeinated coffee, 2 stir spoons, assortment
of Fairmont teas, sugar and sweetener, signage indicating creamers and milkettes available in the Refreshment Center complimentary) • Cordless Telephone, multi-functional with pre-set buttons and message light capabilities • Desk lamp • Hangers — 8 wooden hangers and 2 with skirt • Iron and ironing board • Luggage rack • In - Room safe • Shoe shine basket
Other factors would include: — albedo shifts (both from
ice > water, and from increased biological activity, and from edge melt revealing more land, and from more
old dust coming to the surface...); — direct effect
of CO2 on
ice (the former weakens the latter); — increasing, and increasingly warm, rain fall on
ice; — «stuck» weather systems bringing more and more warm tropical air ever further toward the poles; — melting
of sea
ice shelf increasing mobility
of glaciers; — sea water getting under parts
of the
ice sheets where the base is below sea level; — melt water lubricating the
ice sheet base; — changes in ocean currents -LRB-?)
NPR gave some
of the history as found here: http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic39-1-15.pdf (the
ice loss has been happening for more than a century, but the last bits
of the
old ice age
ice sheet are going fast now ``... a total
of 48 square km... calved from Milne and Ayles
ice shelves between July 1959 and July 1974.....»
Arctic air temperatures are increasing at twice the rate
of the rest
of the world — a study by the U. S. Navy says that the Arctic could lose its summer sea
ice by next year, eighty - four years ahead of the models — and evidence little more than a year old suggests the West Antarctic Ice Sheet is doomed, which will add between twenty and twenty - five feet to ocean leve
ice by next year, eighty - four years ahead
of the models — and evidence little more than a year
old suggests the West Antarctic
Ice Sheet is doomed, which will add between twenty and twenty - five feet to ocean leve
Ice Sheet is doomed, which will add between twenty and twenty - five feet to ocean levels.
The textbooks, noting the age
of old moraines plowed up by the
ice sheet frontiers, would have said the
ice ages went back about 800,000 years.
When one couples the plausibility
of underground heat causing instability in one region with the
old newspaper articles about fears
of ice sheet collapse from 100 years ago, at a minimum a reasonable person should wonder what has really been going on for many centuries.
And this way, they also got the longest possible record, striking bedrock after seeing
ice that was 250,000 years
old, the date
of the warm period before last, the one that melted much
of Greenland's
ice sheet.
And
older climate models did not include dynamic
ice sheet vulnerabilities — like high latent - heat ocean water coming into contact with the submerged faces
of sea - fronting glaciers, the ability
of surface melt water to break up glaciers by pooling into cracks and forcing them apart (hydrofracturing), or the innate rigidity and frailty
of steep
ice cliffs which render them susceptible to rapid toppling.
With the albedo - flip kicking in, the energy poured into killing off millennia -
old MY
ice will then go into the warming of the Arctic Ocean itself, with the result of longer and longer melt seasons each year & a corresponding ramp - up of ice loss from both the Greenland Ice Sheet and the West Antarctic Ice She
ice will then go into the warming
of the Arctic Ocean itself, with the result
of longer and longer melt seasons each year & a corresponding ramp - up
of ice loss from both the Greenland Ice Sheet and the West Antarctic Ice She
ice loss from both the Greenland
Ice Sheet and the West Antarctic Ice She
Ice Sheet and the West Antarctic
Ice She
Ice Sheet.
«You have all these
old - school
ice sheet modelers saying «You can't have fast responses
of ice sheets,»» Siddall said.
Our
older projections, which were developed to be consistent with some key findings
of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)'s Fifth Assessment Report, assumed a steady increase in the rate
of ice -
sheet shrinkage.
The new data, which provide the best assessment yet
of the mass balance
of the Ross
Ice Streams, indicate the ice sheet is growing by 26.8 gigatons annually, in contrast to older estimates that there has been an ice mass shrinkage of 20.9 gigatons annual
Ice Streams, indicate the
ice sheet is growing by 26.8 gigatons annually, in contrast to older estimates that there has been an ice mass shrinkage of 20.9 gigatons annual
ice sheet is growing by 26.8 gigatons annually, in contrast to
older estimates that there has been an
ice mass shrinkage of 20.9 gigatons annual
ice mass shrinkage
of 20.9 gigatons annually.