Each winter, it inhales cold air and causes a freeze up, then in the summer, it exhales a breath of
older sea ice from the high Arctic into the seas on its southern edge.
Not exact matches
Centre analysts have begun testing the inclusion of
sea -
ice data
from a Japanese satellite, but that spacecraft — designed to last five years — is now five years
old.
The data that
Old Weather volunteer citizen scientists meticulously transcribe
from the logbooks are used to drive climate and
sea ice models to help understand changes and improve predictions.
Add that to a changing climate which is causing damage to human constructions and releasing decade -
old entrapped plastic debris
from melting
sea ice.
Other factors would include: — albedo shifts (both
from ice > water, and
from increased biological activity, and
from edge melt revealing more land, and
from more
old dust coming to the surface...); — direct effect of CO2 on
ice (the former weakens the latter); — increasing, and increasingly warm, rain fall on
ice; — «stuck» weather systems bringing more and more warm tropical air ever further toward the poles; — melting of
sea ice shelf increasing mobility of glaciers; —
sea water getting under parts of the
ice sheets where the base is below
sea level; — melt water lubricating the
ice sheet base; — changes in ocean currents -LRB-?)
The fate of
sea ice in the Arctic Ocean is determined by a complicated mix of factors, including the pressure changes, with the biggest loss of
old thick
ice resulting more
from a great «flush» of floes than melting, Dr. Rigor and many other scientists tracking the region say.
There are degrees of everyone's positions here
from those who think the IPCC is wrong because it is much too conservative through those who think the IPCC got it perfectly right to those who think the arctic
sea ice has recovered because the record low level is now three years
old through those who believe the GHE violates the laws of thermodynamics.
Varying thicknesses of
sea ice are shown here,
from thin, nearly transparent layers to thicker,
older sea ice covered with snow.
H.H Lamb lists nine measurable effects including «Increasing spread of the Arctic
ice sea ice into all the northernmost Atlantic and around Greenland, forcing the abandonment of the
old sailing routes to Greenland which had been used
from about A.D 1000 to 1300.»
This pink clay can be traced back to 400 million years
old red sand stones at Svalbard, and was carried out to
sea by melt water
from the
ice sheet.
Reasoning for a decrease in
sea ice extent
from recent years, perhaps approaching new record - low minimum, focuses on the below - normal
sea ice thickness overall, the thinning of
sea ice in coastal
seas, rotting of
old multi-year
sea ice, warm temperatures in April and May 2010, and the rapid loss of
sea ice area seen during May.
Stroeve's research expedition comes at the cusp of fundamental changes to the Arctic's
sea ice cover —
from older ice that is hard to melt, to seasonal
ice that melts more quickly.
The NSIDC is also facing hot competition
from the British Catlin Arctic Survey, which employs good
old - fashioned Arctic explorers to do, we are told, what satellites can not, which is to measure the thickness of Arctic
sea ice.
Like a cork removed
from a champagne bottle, the early break up in these passages is allowing thick,
old sea ice to flow south
from the Arctic Ocean into the North Atlantic, choking areas used by fishing, shipping and ferry boats.
Old data
from submarines (some of it released on the initiative of Vice President Gore) revealed thinning of
ice, Rothrock et al. (1999); for
sea ice extent, Overpeck et al. (2005), Lindsay and Zhang (2005), Stroeve et al. (2005).
Sea ice refused to export
from the continental shelf, where it got thicker and thicker and
older and
older, while completely disappearing offshore.