Sentences with phrase «olfactory neurons in»

«Novel radiotracer measures olfactory neurons in animal models: Tracking deterioration in sense of smell could provide early diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease.»

In another study of mice injected with GDF11, postdoc Lida Katsimpardi and others in the lab of Harvard neuroscientist Lee Rubin found that GDF11 also encourages growth of new blood vessels and olfactory neurons in the mouse brain.

Testing both for odor identification and got the odor detection threshold could determine whether abnormalities could be traced to olfactory neurons in the nasal passages or to the odor processing pathways in the brain.

Not exact matches

In Nick's case, the cause was probably catastrophic damage to his olfactory receptor neurons.

Toxicants like solvents, pesticides or volatile molecules from oil spills can travel straight into the brain via the olfactory receptors — nasal neurons that number in the many millions, thickly studding the inner lining of the nose.

The brain (specifically, the olfactory bulb and olfactory cortex) then looks at the combination of sensory neurons activated at any given time and interprets that pattern in the context of previous patterns that have been experienced and other kinds of available information.

Duke University biologist Pelin Volkan and colleagues have identified a set of genetic control switches that interact early in a fly's development to generate dozens of types of olfactory neurons, specialized nerve cells for smell.

These samples were collected primarily by Gianluigi Zanusso, M.D., Ph.D., and colleagues at the University of Verona in Italy, who developed the technique of brushing the inside of the nose to collect olfactory neurons connected to the brain.

The researchers also knocked out the olfactory sense neurons in some of the worms.

These were clustered together in the same area of the brain as olfactory memory neurons.

A unique form of carbon dating, made possible by the Cold War, suggests that new neurons rarely survive in the human olfactory bulb after birth

The virus appears to invade the brain by infecting a type of glial cell called olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), which nourish smell - sensing neurons and guide them from the olfactory bulb to their targets in the nervous system.

Rodriguez's team exposed olfactory mouse neurons in the lab to disease - causing bacteria and the urine of sick mice.

The scans revealed different patterns of activity in the secondary olfactory cortex — a collection of neurons that mediate pleasant sensory responses to smells and tastes.

The team uses a computer - controlled pneumatic pump to administer an odor puff to the locust, which has olfactory receptor neurons in its antennae, similar to sensory neurons in our nose.

As in mammalian olfactory systems, sensory neurons responsive to the same kinds of odors converge in a spherical structure called the glomerulus.

Now, Minghong Ma, PhD, a professor of Neuroscience in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, and Penn doctoral student Andrew Moberly, have added neurons associated with the olfactory system to the connection between behavior and breathing.

The pattern of activity of all sensory neurons in the olfactory system allows us to distinguish between different odors present in the environment.

Nobel Prize - winning work back in 1991 showed that, in mammals, each sensory neuron in the main olfactory system expresses one type of G - protein coupled receptor (GPCR), which is specialized to detect a specific type of odor.

This visual abstract depicts the discovery that chemosensory receptors in a subset of mammalian olfactory sensing neurons are structurally distinct from GPCRs, and multiple subtypes are expressed per neuron, implying an unexpected mechanism for olfactory detection and decoding.

This one - GPCR - per - neuron pattern also exists in the vomeronasal olfactory system, which is specialized for recognizing pheromones, suggesting a common and general logic for processing smell.

Hooker and Van de Bittner note, however, that the tool also has tremendous potential for research applications, particularly for drug discovery in smell - loss therapy and in understanding the relationships between olfactory neuron health and brain health more generally.

In the new study, Datta and his team discovered that necklace neurons in mice do not express GPCRs, unlike all other types of olfactory sensory neurons in mammalIn the new study, Datta and his team discovered that necklace neurons in mice do not express GPCRs, unlike all other types of olfactory sensory neurons in mammalin mice do not express GPCRs, unlike all other types of olfactory sensory neurons in mammalin mammals.

Moreover, each necklace neuron expresses multiple types of MS4A receptors, in stark contrast to the one - receptor - per - neuron rule that organizes insect and other mammalian olfactory systems.

Since olfactory sensory neurons regenerate throughout life, even in humans, the investigators were able to measure neuron regeneration in specific animal models.

Using this imaging technology, we may be able to capture more precise and objective measurements of olfactory dysfunction and better understand how changes in these sensory neurons relate to overall health and neurodegeneration in the brain.»

Kenyon cells make up only about 4 % of the entire fly brain and are extremely sensitive to inputs triggered by odors, in which only two connections between neurons, called synapses, separate them from the receptor cells at the «front end» of the olfactory system.

Research conducted by Dr Bill Dew at the University of Lethbridge in Canada looked for the first time at the effect of the metal contaminants nickel and copper on specific fish olfactory sensory neurons, and how these affect the fish's ability to detect and swim away from an odour released by other fish of the same species (conspecifics) when a predator attack takes place.

For the JCI study, the team applied the radiotracer to monitor olfactory sensory neuron population dynamics in a rodent model, using PET to measure its uptake across the animals» lifespan, including during age - related neurodegeneration.

The olfactory neurons involved in the perception of these volatiles have now been discovered to be located on the Manduca proboscis.

Neurons in the mouse olfactory bulb fire in a relatively narrow range, up to a few hundred times per second.

Albeanu and colleagues, including Arkarup Banerjee and Fred Marbach, graduate students in the Watson School for Biological Sciences at CSHL and co-first authors of the Neuron paper, conducted experiments in living animals that revealed a mechanism for adjusting olfactory signal gain.

Paying attention to the fact that each olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) expresses an OR, Shun «ichi Kuroda, Professor and Nobuo Yoshimoto, Specially Appointed Associate Professor at the Department of Biomolecular Science and Reaction, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University in cooperation with Masato Suzuki, Chief Researcher, Advanced Research Division, Panasonic Corporation made a system in which OSNs from mice were applied to a microchamber array on a microscope slide and fluorescence was yielded when ORs responded to odorants.

The team was able to view the responses of tens of neurons at a time to signals arriving in the olfactory bulb from the mouse's odor detectors, called olfactory sensory neurons, located in the nose.

Published in Neuron, scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) report their discovery of a neural circuit in the mouse olfactory bulb that explains how our mammalian cousins (and by extension, we) are able to adjust the gain on intense odors.

In the new study, the researchers ran a fiber optic scope straight up patients» noses to the very top of the nasal cavity where olfactory neurons are located.

The scientists focused on the production of new neurons in adult mice, in particular those neurons that integrate into the olfactory bulb, the brain region responsible for analyzing odors.

These new neurons are thought to play a major role in providing flexibility for learning and memorizing olfactory sensory experiences.

Caffeine potentiated responses of mushroom body neurons involved in olfactory learning and memory by acting as an adenosine receptor antagonist.

Linda Buck of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Richard Axel of Columbia University, both winners of the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, have found that the human nose contains about 1,000 different types of olfactory neurons, each type able to detect a particular set of chemicals.

Next, the researchers tested whether neurons in the insects» olfactory receptors, or sensilla, responded to nonanal.

Normal mice with p16 had fewer neural stem cells in one part of the brain and fewer new neurons in the olfactory bulb, again demonstrating p16's ability to inhibit regeneration.

The isoforms beta ARK - 2 and beta - arrestin - 2 are highly enriched in and localized to the dendritic knobs and cilia of the olfactory receptor neurons where the initial events of olfactory signal transduction occur.

Olfactory cells in the nose are unusual in that they are part of the body's outer layer, or epithelium, but also part of the nervous system, incorporating neurons that connect directly with the smell centers in the brain.

They then tracked neurons as they migrated from region to region of the brain and found that new neurons oriented in the direction of fluid flow rather than the direction of their ultimate destination in the olfactory bulb.

Whereas 65 percent of new neurons in wild mice ended up in the olfactory bulb, little more than 9 percent of the mutants» neurons were able to complete the journey.

Scientists have suspected that, like cells in the immune system, olfactory neurons diversify through recombination — that is, each cell randomly shuffles its DNA so it carries a slightly different version of the same gene.

Focusing their search on receptors not known to respond to any odor, the researchers identified one family of genes that appeared to be expressed in olfactory neurons but not in other tissues.

Olfactory sensory neurons express either a class I or class II olfactory receptor gene in order to express either class I (blue) or class II (pink) olfactory sensoryOlfactory sensory neurons express either a class I or class II olfactory receptor gene in order to express either class I (blue) or class II (pink) olfactory sensoryolfactory receptor gene in order to express either class I (blue) or class II (pink) olfactory sensoryolfactory sensory neurons.

The olfactory neurons are the only ones in the central nervous system that are directly exposed to the air.