Sentences with word «oligodendrocyte»

Surgeons injected millions of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells grown from hESCs into the injury site through a fine needle, hoping the cells would stimulate nerve growth and re-sheathe nerves damaged through the injury.

Transplantation of mouse embryonic stem cell - derived oligodendrocytes in the murine model of globoid cell leukodystrophy.

May 22, 2014 American Society for Gene and Cell Therapy Annual Meeting, Washington, DC Phase I Clinical Trial of Human Embryonic Stem Cell - Derived Oligodendrocyte Progenitors in Patients with Neurologically Complete Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury: Results and Next Steps

Using tumor models for both astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma, which are very similar to human tumors, they could show that one and the same cell type, called oligodendrocyte precursor cells, could give rise to both tumor forms.

Researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine have succeeded in transforming skin cells directly into oligodendrocyte precursor cells, the cells that wrap nerve cells in the insulating myelin sheaths that help nerve signals propagate.

Human Embryonic Stem Cells Differentiate into Oligodendrocytes in High Purity and Myelinate After Spinal Cord Transplantation.

In the November issue of Nature Methods, a team led by Paul Tesar, PhD, a NYSCF — Robertson Investigator at Case Western Reserve University, published a novel method in producing oligodendrocyte cells, the cells that are damaged in myelin - related disorders such as multiple sclerosis.

In the healthy brain, stem cell - like glial progenitors can divide, migrate to an injured site, and become mature oligodendrocytes after myelin loss, but, unfortunately, the efficiency of remyelination declines with age.

But people with MS have trouble making new oligodendrocytes and so, «central nervous system insults can lead to the development of the disease.»

Cerebral white matter injury (WMI) persistently disrupts myelin regeneration by oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs).

Dr. Keristead created oligodendrocytes from hESCs, and showed that an injection of these cells into rats with spinal cord injuries could significantly improve their motor functions.

The researchers deliver a specific gene, which hitches a ride on a harmless virus, into the livers of mice, and once in the liver that gene codes for a protein called myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein.

The study, «Pharmaceutical integrated stress response enhancement protects oligodendrocytes and provides a potential multiple sclerosis therapeutic,» was also supported by the National Institutes of Health.

Oligodendrocyte death results in immune - mediated CNS demyelination.

This shows that the basic mechanisms of oligodendrocyte differentiation are conserved across species and that understanding the regulation of zebrafish OPCs can contribute to the development of new treatment for human diseases.

RIPK1, the researchers found, inflicts damage by directly attacking the body's myelin production plants — nerve cells known as oligodendrocytes, which secrete the soft substance, rich in fat and protein that wraps around axons to support their function and shield them from damage.

Popko and others are testing an approach to stop disease development: preserve oligodendrocytes» ability to handle stress.

If oligodendrocyte loss could be prevented or slowed during the course of neurodegenerative diseases, or if glial function in myelin - damage regions could be restored, disease - related decline in brain function might be prevented, slowed, or even reversed.

A second potential drug, Sephin1, which is still in animal testing, keeps oligodendrocytes alive without the side effects of Guanabenz, Popko says.

In animal studies, the drug kept oligodendrocytes alive, easing MS symptoms and even delaying their onset.

Image shows the complex shape of individual oligodendrocytes (OLs) and myelin in adult mice injected with tamoxifen.

Here Dr. Reimer and his team asked the question, «what happens to mature oligodendrocytes after a spinal cord injury in adult zebrafish?».

The researchers hypothesize that guanabenz stimulates a protective cascade — because fewer oligodendrocytes die, less immune cells are recruited to the brain, which results in a decreased inflammatory response and preservation of myelin levels.

Investigators (Fumitaka Sato, PhD, et al) tested resveratrol in autoimmune and viral models of MS.. In the autoimmune model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in 6 - week - old mice using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35 - 55 peptide.

Glaucomatous optic nerve injury involves early astrocyte reactivity and late oligodendrocyte loss.

The NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan is a membrane - spanning protein expressed by several types of immature progenitor cells, including oligodendrocyte progenitors, chondroblasts, skeletal muscle myoblasts, smooth muscle cells, and pericytes.

A further avenue of exploration is how neural stem cells and their descendants, which can be grown in the lab, might be used to replace the neurons and oligodendrocytes lost during the course of MS.. In the short - term, these cells are an excellent platform with which to screen for new drugs that might enhance intrinsic repair.

To test the suitability of guanabenz as a potential treatment for MS, Popko and his team exposed cultured oligodendrocyte cells to interferon gamma — a molecule that increases inflammation — resulting in greatly increased myelin loss and cell death.

Dr. Lyons and his team used zebrafish to study the formation of myelin sheaths by oligodendrocytes because this laboratory animal is transparent at early stages of its development, which allows investigators to directly observe cells within the organism.

Unfortunately, myelin can be easily damaged by a variety of pathological conditions, and stresses to the brain, and oligodendrocyte vulnerability to such damage is enhanced in the aged brain and in degenerative diseases.

Extensive damage to white matter (myelin - rich brain areas) characterizes Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease, pointing to myelin damage and oligodendrocyte impairment as a common path to the progression of these diseases, even though each of these diseases may have a different cause.

It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system.

In experiments in mice, researchers used a toxin to destroy myelin and kill oligodendrocytes.

B - 1a cells in meningeal space secrete natural antibodies, which promote the proliferation of oligodendrocyte precorsors.

«It turns out that so - called natural antibodies secreted by B - 1a cells induce oligodendrocyte precurosors to proliferate.

They found that, like in humans, oligodendrocytes near a spinal cord injury site are massively lost within a week.

«We experimentally depleted B cells from the brains of young mice and saw oligodendrocyte numbers drop significantly,» Tanabe adds.

«Introduction of a novel system for in vitro analyses of zebrafish oligodendrocyte progenitor cells.»

Finally, they demonstrated that zebrafish OPCs differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes when cultured together with human motor neurons, differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells.

The team then tested the drug on multiple mouse models of MS.. When treated with guanabenz, mice that are genetically engineered to express high amounts of interferon gamma in their brains were protected against oligodendrocyte and myelin loss.

Researchers have been striving to determine whether oligodendrocytes, the cells that produce myelin, can be stimulated to make new myelin.

In vertebrates, the axons of many neurons are sheathed in myelin, which is formed by either of two types of glial cells: Schwann cells ensheathing peripheral neurons and oligodendrocytes insulating those of the central nervous system.

Previous research in rodent disease models has shown that transplanted oligodendrocyte precursor cells derived from embryonic stem cells and from human fetal brain tissue can successfully create myelin sheaths around nerve cells, sometimes leading to dramatic improvements in symptoms.

To ensure that the remyelination her team observed in the MS mice was due to Ind - Cl and not to an immune response, the team administered Ind - Cl in mice whose oligodendrocytes, the cells responsible for remyelinating axons and myelin, were selectively decreased.