Sentences with phrase «on t cell»

She found expanded CD8 T cells and defined the clonality on T cell assays to help differentiate elevated lymphocytes due to E canis infection compared to lymphoma or leukemia.

But exactly how the signal from a single receptor, among thousands on each T cell, can be amplified to affect a whole cell has puzzled immunologists for decades.

To reverse the attenuating effects of potassium on T cell effector function, the team genetically engineered tumour - specific T cells to express additional molecular pumps that specifically remove surplus potassium from the cell.

When abatacept binds to CD28 on the T cell surface, it prevents the second signal from being delivered, thus turning down the T cell response.

She gained expertise in human immunology during her post-doctoral training at Blood System Research Institute while working on T cell responses to West Nile virus (WNV) in blood donors.

Research Focus: My research project focuses on the T cell response of mycobacterium tuberculosis to further understand how the current BCG vaccine can be improved.

Until recently, experimental models of transplantation have focused primarily on the T cell arm of adaptive immunity as the entire cause of acute and chronic rejection.

Association of phosphatidylinositol 3 - kinase with a specific sequence of the T cell receptor zeta chain is dependent on T cell activation.

The response of T cells can be controlled by costimulatory molecules present on APC that interact with co-receptors present on the T cell.

Together our data support the notion that targeting DGKζ, a negative regulator of T cell activation, or other regulators of Erk activation, could be useful in the treatment of human malignancy and that additional preclinical studies of intracellular «brakes» on T cell activation are warranted.

The influence of the src - family kinases, Lck and Fyn, on T cell differentiation, survival and activation.

The symposium features presentations by Philippa Marrack and John Kappler talking on the T cell repertoire; William Paul on interleukin 4 as a prototypic immunoregulatory cytokine; Timothy Springer on lymphocyte trafficking; Pamela Bjorkman on structural studies of MHC and MHC - related proteins, and Jack Strominger on peptide presentation by class I and II MHC proteins; Thierry Boon on genes coding for tumor rejection antigens, including the first tumor antigen, MAGE - 1; and Philip Greenberg on the modification of T cells for adoptive therapy by retroviral - mediated gene insertion Since then, the symposia series has attracted leading immunologists in the cancer vaccine and antibody fields, providing them with a comprehensive view of the promises and challenges in the development of cancer immunotherapies.

«The anti-tumor immune response with CDK4 / 6 inhibition was somewhat unexpected — some had previously thought that CDK4 / 6 inhibitors would block anti-tumor immunity, due to effects on T cell proliferation, but our findings demonstrate quite the opposite,» DeCristo states.

The circuit also expresses a checkpoint inhibitor designed to lift the brakes on T cell activity.

Antigen - presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells and macrophages, activate T cells by engaging protein receptors on the T cell surface.

Nivolumab, meanwhile, is an antibody that targets a protein known as PD - 1, which is also found on the T cell surface.

The accuracy for human eye and hair color is much higher at 0.9, and chronological age — based on T cell receptors — is the same.

Researchers for the past decade have focused on the T cell approach, based on studies showing that monkeys receiving such vaccines against simian immunodeficiency virus, related to HIV, lived longer or had lower viral levels than usual.

• Tessa Therapeutics, a Singapore - based biopharmaceutical company focusing on T cell therapy for solid tumors, raised $ 80 million in funding.

One way cancer cells do this is by expressing a protein ligand that binds to a receptor on the T cells to prevent the T cell from recognizing and attacking the cancer cell.

Dana - Farber's Gordon Freeman, PhD, and his wife, Arlene Sharpe, MD, PhD, of Harvard Medical School, did some of the original research that resulted in the identification of PD - 1 on T cells, as well as the PD - L1 and - L2 protein «ligands» on tumor cells.

«Jim gives entire lectures on T cells in his sleep.»

Chemical analysis showed that its structure resembled that of a protein found on T cells.

They have used a different technique, called zinc finger nucleases, to disrupt a gene on T cells that HIV uses to enter the cells.

Allison pioneered immune checkpoint blockade, an approach that treats the immune system, rather than the tumor directly, by blocking molecules on T cells that shut those attack cells down, protecting tumors from immune response.

To address such obstacles, Roybal, now an assistant professor at the University of California, San Francisco and his colleague Leonardo Morsut turned to a signaling molecule on T cells called the Notch receptor, known to be involved in several developmental and biological processes.

«Up until now, researchers have focused on T cells — another type of immune cell,» said John J. O'Shea, M.D., scientific director of NIAMS and senior author of the paper.

A new class of drugs called immune checkpoint inhibitors block molecules on T cells that shut down immune response, freeing the immune system to attack tumors.

The company's approach focuses on T cells.

al 2015 (PNAS) stated that the predominant motivation to engage anti-CD25 in HL radioimmunotherapy is the expression of CD25 on T cells rosetting around Reed - Sternberg cells.

Up until now, efforts in generating a vaccine against TB have been mainly focused on T cells (cells from the adaptive arm of our immune response with memory capacity), with very disappointing outcomes in both pre-clinical as well as clinical trials.

The resulting treatment consists of four parts: an antibody targeted to the tumor; a vaccine targeted to the tumor; IL - 2; and a molecule that blocks PD1, a receptor found on T cells.

While Murre and his colleagues concentrated on T cells, they believe this mechanism may be unfolding throughout the animal and plant kingdoms.

Andy Heath of the University of Sheffield Medical School in the United Kingdom and colleagues have bypassed these problems by creating a vaccine that activates the B cells directly, without relying on T cells.

These antibody drugs block receptors on T cells that tumors use to hide from the immune system.

The studies, conducted separately on the East and West coasts of the United States, attempt to make the immune system resistant to HIV by crippling a receptor, known as CCR5, on T cells that the virus uses during the infection process.

Ipilimumab targets the CTLA - 4 checkpoint on T cells and was the first immune checkpoint inhibitor.

Our long - term goal, therefore, is to explore the potential to genetically disrupt both ccr5 and cxcr4 for cell replacement therapies in HIV infected individuals, and in the case of cxcr4 do so in a way that specifically targets CXCR4 on T cells and not the many other cell types on which it is expressed.

The scientists took the genes for the most effective liver cancer antigen receptors on those T cells, put those receptors on human T cells and the resulting engineered human T cells eradicated the cancer as well, without hurting normal liver cells, they report in the journal Hepatology.

Next steps include He's collaboration with Piedmont Atlanta Hospital to retrieve T cells, liver cancer cells and healthy tissue normally removed from patients during surgery, put the mouse receptor genes on these T cells and monitor in a dish both how those cells now fight the tumor and react to healthy human tissue.

Checkpoint blockade: Fewer but stronger results Allison pioneered immune checkpoint blockade, an approach that treats the immune system, rather than the tumor directly, by blocking molecules on T cells that shut those attack cells down, protecting tumors from immune response.

Immunological Invisibility Cloak Among them is Joel Linden, Ph.D., who recently reported that jamming signals transmitted by membrane proteins called adenosine receptors, which are expressed on T cells and on specialized cell - killing cells called NK cells, made both cell types more effective in halting lung metastasis of melanoma cells.

The major histocompatibility complex - restricted antigen receptor on T cells in mouse and man: identification of constant and variable peptides.

One end of the BiTE binds to a molecule on T cells, and the other end binds to a molecule on cancer cells; by bringing the two together, the BiTE facilitates cancer cell killing.

Thus MSC could prevent normal allogeneic responses either through modulation of DC function or by direct effects on T cells.

They determined that altering the expression level of LIGHT (a specific type of molecule that binds to a receptor site of another cell) and also lymphotoxin (LT) on T cells significantly impacted the cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

The key point is that this work demonstrates that MSC exert veto effects on T cells and it is significant in demonstrating that the mechanisms inducing MSC tolerance are not confined to patterns of cytokine secretion but extend to direct modulation of T cell division.

Binding of PD - L1 to the co-stimulatory receptor on T cells, PD - 1, promotes inactivation and apoptosis of activated anti-tumor T cells.

«The current work suggests that pathobiont - driven IBD may be dependent on T cells that have escaped the normal tolerance system, attacking bacterial species that do not normally cause inflammation,» says Dr. Littman, also a member of the Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine within NYU Langone's Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, and an investigator for the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

Initial studies demonstrated that ligation of 4 - 1BB on T cells could deliver costimulatory signals resulting in either increased proliferation or enhanced cytokine secretion and also control clonal expansion and differentiation of effector and memory T cells.