Sentences with phrase «on terrestrial atmosphere»

The boosted exposure to cosmic rays from supernovae could have had «substantial effects on the terrestrial atmosphere and biota,» the authors write.

Not exact matches

Tropical forests convert more carbon from the atmosphere into biomass than any other terrestrial ecosystem on Earth.

Electric currents that flow into and out of the ionosphere, which AMPERE monitors, have various effects on it as well as the atmosphere in general that can cause problems with tracking LEO space debris, the use of GPS systems, and even terrestrial power plants — as was the case when a geomagnetic storm took down Quebec's power grid in 1989, Anderson says, adding, «The operators didn't know what was happening.»

The working group on coupled biogeochemical cycling and controlling factors dealt with questions regarding the role of plankton diversity, how ocean biogeochemistry will respond to global changes on decadal to centennial time scales, the key biogeochemical links between the ocean, atmosphere, and climate, and the role of estuaries, shelves, and marginal seas in the capturing, transformation, and exchange of terrestrial and open - marine material.

Scientists used these observations of the sun's atmosphere (the bright light of the sun itself is blocked by the black circle at the middle) from NASA's Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory on Aug. 5, 2007, to define the outer limits of the solar atmosphere, the corona.

In this latest study, the team of researchers applied empirical and process - based models, to analyze local areas, as well as the global surface, and the effect of temperature and water availability variations on carbon exchange between the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere.

«Our finding that vegetation plays a key role future in terrestrial hydrologic response and water stress is of utmost importance to properly predict future dryness and water resources,» says Gentine, whose research focuses on the relationship between hydrology and atmospheric science, land / atmosphere interaction, and its impact on climate change.

«Titan is an especially interesting target for exploration because the organic chemistry now taking place there provides the only planetary - scale laboratory for studying processes that may have been important in the prebiotic terrestrial atmosphere,» the report added, meaning that on Titan is chemistry that could have been similar to what was present on Earth before life arose.

Researchers said that terrestrial microorganisms on Earth, particularly bacteria, can be swept into the atmosphere and have been found alive at altitudes as high as 25 miles.

We focus on planets and moons orbiting stars bright enough for future atmosphere follow - up, especially Mini - to Super-Earths (rocky terrestrial planets of 0.5 - 10 Earth masses) orbiting in the «Habitable Zones» around their host stars.

One well - known model for the beginnings of life on Earth posits that terrestrial life sprang from complex molecules such as amino acids and sugars produced by electrical discharges in a primeval atmosphere replete with gases such as methane, hydrogen, ammonia and water.

1:20 PM Liu - Abundance Studies of Stellar Hosts of Terrestrial Planets 1:40 PM Kitiashvili - 3D Realistic Modeling of Stellar Convection as a Tool to Study Effects of Stellar Jitter on RV Measurements 2:00 PM Crossfield - Planet Densities (invited) 2:30 PM Break and Poster Viewing 3:00 PM Guyon - Coronagraphs for Planet Detection (invited) 3:30 PM Martins - Exoplanet Reflections in the era of Giant Telescopes 3:50 PM Close - Direct Detection of Exoplanets with GMT AO: A proof of concept design for a GMT Phase A ExAO planet imager 4:10 PM Direct Imaging Discussion - Led by Jared Males 5:20 PM End of meeting for the day 5:30 PM Buses depart for Monterey Bay Aquarium 6:00 PM Conference Banquet Wednesday, September 28 7:30 - 9:00 AM Breakfast 9:00 AM Lewis - JWST - ELT Synergy (invited) 9:30 AM Greene - Characterizing exoplanet atmospheres with JWST 9:50 AM Morzinski - Breaking degeneracies in understanding fundamental exoplanet properties with ELTs 10:10 AM Break and Poster Viewing 11:00 AM Cotton - Detecting Clouds in Hot Jupiters with Linear Polarisation 11:20 AM Boss - Summary

The work is an estimate of the global average based on a single - column, time - average model of the atmosphere and surface (with some approximations — e.g. the surface is not truly a perfect blackbody in the LW (long - wave) portion of the spectrum (the wavelengths dominated by terrestrial / atmospheric emission, as opposed to SW radiation, dominated by solar radiation), but it can give you a pretty good idea of things (fig 1 shows a spectrum of radiation to space); there is also some comparison to actual measurements.

The ocean, with around 38,000 gigatons (Gt) of carbon (1 gigaton = 1 billion tons), contains 16 times as much carbon as the terrestrial biosphere, that is all plant and the underlying soils on our planet, and around 60 times as much as the pre-industrial atmosphere, i.e., at a time before people began to drastically alter the atmospheric CO2 content by the increased burning of coal, oil and gas.

This estimate is based on the carbon mass in the atmosphere and up take rates for the oceans and terrestrial biosphere.

Jerry's research team has developed and uses a simulation model, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM), to consider the impacts of various aspects of global change — climate, chemistry of the atmosphere and precipitation, land cover and land use — on the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems acrossTerrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM), to consider the impacts of various aspects of global change — climate, chemistry of the atmosphere and precipitation, land cover and land use — on the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems acrossterrestrial ecosystems across the globe.

Biosphere (terrestrial and marine)- The part of the Earth system comprising all ecosystems and living organisms, in the atmosphere, on land (terrestrial biosphere) or in the oceans (marine biosphere), including derived dead organic matter, such as litter, soil organic matter and oceanic detritus.

Of course, permissivity values used in practical design work here on Earth take into account the gases of the terrestrial atmosphere.

Wordsworth R and Pierrehumbert RT 2014: Abiotic Oxygen - dominated Atmospheres on Terrestrial Habitable Zone Planetst Ap.

Terrestrial mosses get their carbon from the atmosphere so have no source of old carbon — unless they are growing on a volcanic fumeroles or hotspring out - gassing CO2.

Professor Denning's research interests include interactions between the atmosphere and terrestrial biosphere and their effects on exchange of energy, water, and carbon dioxide.

This is because any net additions of CO2 to the atmosphere resulting from biomass combustion should be captured by analyzing land - use, land - use change activities and their associated effects on terrestrial biomass carbon stocks.

This microwave radiation virtually freely penetrates into the lower atmosphere, providing channels for the influence of solar variability on terrestrial phenomena.

I have in the past (1970s) had a small part in reviving the field of sun - weather - climate research, see e.g. — Solar Magnetic Sector Structure: Relation to Circulation of the Earth's Atmosphere Wilcox, John M.; Scherrer, Philip H.; Svalgaard, Leif; Roberts, Walter Orr; Olson, Roger H. Science, Volume 180, Issue 4082, pp. 185 - 186 — Influence of Solar Magnetic Sector Structure on Terrestrial Atmospheric Vorticity.

On the other hand, if you removed all the Nitrogen from the terrestrial atmosphere (which is not a «greenhouse gas»), you'd readily get a Snowball Earth with a mile thick ice covering all the oceans while if you put twice as much Nitrogen there, average surface temperature would rise to 314 K (41 °C) with no additional «greenhouse effect» needed whatsoever.

Multiscale modelling of permafrost carbon feedbacks and impacts on climate, modeling of the terrestrial biosphere, biogeochemistry, land - atmosphere interactions, remote sensing applications

Regulating services include air quality, atmosphere composition and climate regulation (Hassan et al., 2005), especially through wind - blown dust and desert albedo influences on regional rainfall, and biogeochemistry of remote terrestrial and marine ecosystems (Warner, 2004).

However, both sediment records of atmospheric deposition of Hg2 + species at high northern latitudes and atmospheric GEM concentrations inferred from Greenland firn air support the conclusion that transfer of anthropogenic inorganic mercury through the atmosphere to terrestrial and marine reservoirs occurs on a large scale.

Topics that I work on or plan to work in the future include studies of: + missing aerosol species and sources, such as the primary oceanic aerosols and their importance on the remote marine atmosphere, the in - cloud and aerosol water aqueous formation of organic aerosols that can lead to brown carbon formation, the primary terrestrial biological particles, and the organic nitrogen + missing aerosol parameterizations, such as the effect of aerosol mixing on cloud condensation nuclei and aerosol absorption, the semi-volatility of primary organic aerosols, the importance of in - canopy processes on natural terrestrial aerosol and aerosol precursor sources, and the mineral dust iron solubility and bioavailability + the change of aerosol burden and its spatiotemporal distribution, especially with regard to its role and importance on gas - phase chemistry via photolysis rates changes and heterogeneous reactions in the atmosphere, as well as their effect on key gas - phase species like ozone + the physical and optical properties of aerosols, which affect aerosol transport, lifetime, and light scattering and absorption, with the latter being very sensitive to the vertical distribution of absorbing aerosols + aerosol - cloud interactions, which include cloud activation, the aerosol indirect effect and the impact of clouds on aerosol removal + changes on climate and feedbacks related with all these topics In order to understand the climate system as a whole, improve the aerosol representation in the GISS ModelE2 and contribute to future IPCC climate change assessments and CMIP activities, I am also interested in understanding the importance of natural and anthropogenic aerosol changes in the atmosphere on the terrestrial biosphere, the ocean and climate.