And no spacecraft at all have landed
on the Venusian surface since 1985.
Not exact matches
Uncertain krypton measures from earlier probes presented two possibilities:
Venusian levels could match Earth's, indicating the two planets probably formed from similar ingredients in the primordial nebula, or they could differ enough to force scientists to toss out their theories
on Venus's origins.
Studies of hydrogen molecules in the
Venusian atmosphere by NASA's Pioneer - Venus probe indicate that the planet once had liquid water
on its surface, perhaps even expansive oceans.
Suzanne Smrekar of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and her colleagues deduced that lava flows
on the flanks of several
Venusian volcanoes appear unweathered, meaning that the flows must be no more than 2.5 million years old.
Prospects for
Venusian life have been dismissed because of harsh conditions
on the planet's surface: there is no water, temperatures reach 477 °C and the atmospheric pressure is 92 times that
on Earth's surface.
To create such a feature, lava would have to remain fluid over great distances, prompting geologists to suggest that
Venusian volcanoes discharge carbonatite lava, just like that one oddball volcano
on Earth, Ol Doinyo Lengai.
In the July 25 issue of SN: A special report
on time, Kennewick Man's ancestry, sex - change lizards,
Venusian volcanism, Earth's missing craters and more.
One of the
Venusian surprises discovered at that time is that radio waves are reflected differently at different elevations
on Venus.
The first sighting of the light spectacle
on another planet reveals properties of the mysterious
Venusian clouds
Venus» composition is largely unknown because of a lack of
Venusian meteorites found
on Earth, and that mystery won't be unlocked anytime soon: No missions to Venus are planned.
The simulated image at left shows how the smaller particle size in
Venusian cloud tops (compared to a typical 10 to 40 micrometers in terrestrial ones) causes the colored fringes to spread further apart than they would appear
on Earth.
The hope is that this year's
Venusian transit will provide a benchmark for further efforts to uncover the properties of these distant worlds (see «Transit of a lifetime: Why all eyes are
on Venus now «-RRB-.
[Response: Yes, the
Venusian atmosphere is a headache
on many fronts.
Rocks interact with the
Venusian atmosphere differently than they would with the surface atmosphere
on Earth or Mars.
Kargel's estimate should be considered to be a lower limit
on when the planet dried up because it did not include the effect of clouds in the
Venusian atmosphere.
You can create and customize a male or female character based
on one of three classes (Fighter, Engineer, Outcast), as well as one of three races (Human, Mercurian or
Venusian).
Instead, the developers behind Incredipede and Pineapple Smash Crew have collaborated
on one of the most bizarre and intriguing game concepts you'll see this year: an alien jellyfish procreation simulator set beneath the thick
Venusian clouds, which challenges us to help an intrepid Cnidarian spread its seed and fertilise a variety of extraterrestrial flora.
If they mean a real transition to
Venusian conditions, that is ridiculous, but if they only mean to imply that there are some amplifying feedbacks, then there is no argument (except
on the terminology)-- but the issue is whether they will be large or small.
There was never runaway warming
on Venus, and a bit more attention to the evidence, as Harry Huffman has done, shows the
Venusian CO2 = warming is simply bad science.
He was an astronomer
on the Pioneer Venus project before he joined NASA GISS but he shows a total ignorance of
Venusian geology.
SummaryFor two years beginning in 2013, a large team led by Sanjay Limaye set out to combine and compare the following:
Venusian atmospheric data collected by probes in the 1970s and 1980s (used to create the Venus International Reference Atmosphere, or VIRA) Venus Express data
on the vertical and horizontal structure of the atmosphereEarth - based observations of the upper atmosphere temperature structure of Venus made since VIRAFigure 1a: Vertical coverage of post-VIRA atmospheric structure experi....
Hansen is wrong both about the possibility
on earth and in
Venusian past history.
It goes
on to assert that any point in the
Venusian atmosphere at the same pressure as the Earth's would be at the same temperature with appropriate adjustment for the relative power received from the sun.
You simply say that you don't believe the greenhouse effect can be responsible for
Venusian temperatures and move
on — despite the fact that some very, very fine scientific minds thought quite differently, and had the math to prove it.
(And of course, both Carl Sagan and James Hansen cut their scientific teeth
on studies of the
Venusian atmosphere.)
Sagan had proposed very high
Venusian surface temperatures, and ascribed them to an ultra-strong greenhouse effect
on the basis of careful calculations using all that was then known.
This same relationship seems to hold all throughout the
Venusian atmosphere, so when you go to OTHER altitudes
on Venus where the pressures are the same as
on Earth, you see temperature differences in the same ratio, 1.176 (within a reasonable margin of error).