In this case, it was not
shown on a balance of probabilities there is a connection between a prohibited ground of discrimination and the decision to deny the training request.
[36] There were other aspects of the plaintiff's evidence which were contradictory to other evidence that she gave or inconsistent with evidence that I
accepted on a balance of probabilities.
The only real difference between the crime (s 2 of the Protection from Harassment Act 1997) and the tort (s 3) is standard of proof: to prove the civil wrong of harassment it is necessary to prove the
case on a balance of probabilities.
I find that the applicant has not
demonstrated on a balance of probabilities that the respondents breached her Code rights when she was removed as a signing officer and when she was removed as a board president or that she experienced harassment on the basis of her age in this service.
As noted be the Court in Vernon v. British Columbia (Liquor Distribution Branch) 5 the standard of proof set out in point 3 of Boulet must be restated a result of the decision of the Supreme Court of Canada in F.H. v. McDougall6 The onus is on the employer to prove just
cause on the balance of probabilities, not on a higher standard.
The SCC was, and is, correct in stating that if the ABCA's view was correct, the Athey material contribution test, as the ABCA understood it, had become the default test for proof of factual causation
on the balance of probability in negligence actions.
The impossibility referred to in case law does not describe scientific impossibility, but rather the impossibility to
determine on a balance of probabilities which specific tortfeasor was at fault.
As in the recent Minnesota case, Judge Alsup's opinion need not be «independent» nor «technical», it merely has to judge the likelihood
on the balance of probabilities which side of the parties before him made the better, more backed up case.
This appeal considered whether the Inner House erred in failing to hold that, in cases where the respondent intervenes to stop an alleged marriage of convenience and makes a removal order on that basis, the evidential burden of proof rests with the respondent and requires to be
discharged on the balance of probabilities.
That presumption may be rebutted by evidence of suspicious circumstances, in which case the burden reverts to the party supporting the Will to prove testamentary
capacity on the balance of probabilities (Vout v. Hay, SCC 1995).
In accordance with this test, a trial judge must instruct the jury to determine: (1) whether the evidence established the employee's deceitful
conduct on a balance of probabilities; and (2) if so, whether the nature and degree of the dishonesty warranted dismissal.
As the judge correctly stated, this involved considering how Levicom would have acted in the hypothetical circumstances that Linklaters» advice was not negligent: Levicom had to show how they would have
acted on the balance of probabilities, and also that there was a substantial chance that the Swedish companies would have agreed to settle on terms that Levicom would have accepted.
In November 2015, the majority of the committee found that, despite a lack of
evidence on the balance of probabilities, Girouard should be removed from the bench because his implausible testimony suggested a deception.
The Highway Traffic Act states that a driver who collides with these individuals must prove that their negligence did not cause the collision.13 In other words, a pedestrian or cyclist plaintiff does not need to prove
negligence on a balance of probabilities, as is the usual onus in civil cases.