FWIW, we found an upper limit
on climate sensitivity of about 6C, but apparently that also isn't sexy enough to publish cos everyone knew it already.
As for Hansen's scenarios, emissions have followed Hansen's scenario B, so observations should be compared to scenario B not A. Hansen's projections were based
on a climate sensitivity of over 4C.
The truth of the matter is that IPCC's CAGW premise as stated in AR4, which is based
on a climate sensitivity of 3.2 C, is not supported by empirical scientific evidence (Feynman)
Overall we are closely tracking Scenario B, with Hansen's temperature predictions, based
on a climate sensitivity of 4C, running slightly hot.
However, the relative influence
on climate sensitivity of these feedbacks has not been quantified.
Not exact matches
As the
Climate Science Special Report states, the magnitude of future climate change depends significantly on «remaining uncertainty in the sensitivity of Earth's climate to [greenhouse gas] emissions,»» White House spokesperson Raj Shah said Friday in a sta
Climate Science Special Report states, the magnitude
of future
climate change depends significantly on «remaining uncertainty in the sensitivity of Earth's climate to [greenhouse gas] emissions,»» White House spokesperson Raj Shah said Friday in a sta
climate change depends significantly
on «remaining uncertainty in the
sensitivity of Earth's
climate to [greenhouse gas] emissions,»» White House spokesperson Raj Shah said Friday in a sta
climate to [greenhouse gas] emissions,»» White House spokesperson Raj Shah said Friday in a statement.
Earlier studies
on the
sensitivity of tropical cyclones to past
climates have only analyzed the effect
of changes in the solar radiation from orbital forcing
on the formation
of tropical cyclones, without considering the feedbacks associated to the consequent greening
of the Sahara.
Climate sensitivity depends on a number of properties of the earth's climate system, such as the composition of clouds and cloud
Climate sensitivity depends
on a number
of properties
of the earth's
climate system, such as the composition of clouds and cloud
climate system, such as the composition
of clouds and cloud cover.
The conclusion that limiting CO2 below 450 ppm will prevent warming beyond two degrees C is based
on a conservative definition
of climate sensitivity that considers only the so - called fast feedbacks in the
climate system, such as changes in clouds, water vapor and melting sea ice.
A leaked draft copy
of the Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change's fifth assessment report (AR5) surfaced earlier this summer and triggered a small tempest among climate bloggers, scientists and skeptics over revelations that a key metric, called the «Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity» (ECS), had been revised do
Climate Change's fifth assessment report (AR5) surfaced earlier this summer and triggered a small tempest among
climate bloggers, scientists and skeptics over revelations that a key metric, called the «Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity» (ECS), had been revised do
climate bloggers, scientists and skeptics over revelations that a key metric, called the «Equilibrium
Climate Sensitivity» (ECS), had been revised do
Climate Sensitivity» (ECS), had been revised downward.
When the scientists compared the output
of climate models with a decade
of satellite measurements
of relative humidity, they found that the models that best reproduced observed conditions were built
on the premise that
climate sensitivity is relatively high — 7 degrees F or more.
The group hopes other scientists will conduct similar experiments using different models to help hone in
on a more reliable measure
of climate sensitivity.
Based
on past observations, Held, who was not involved with the study, said the
climate sensitivity of 5 °C or more shown by the new research may be implausible.
On previous estimates
of the
climate sensitivity, that is far too late.
The research also appears to solve one
of the great unknowns
of climate sensitivity, the role
of cloud formation and whether this will have a positive or negative effect
on global warming.
Scientists have revealed the impact
of clouds
on climate sensitivity.
«My view
on this is that the research needs to broaden out to have more
of a focus
on variability more generally so that a) we can predict the next few years better b) we can refine our estimates
of the
sensitivity of the
climate system to increases in greenhouse gas concentrations.»
The whole CAGW — GHG scare is based
on the obvious fallacy
of putting the effect before the cause.As a simple (not exact) analogy controlling CO2 levels to control temperature is like trying to lower the temperature
of an electric hot plate under a boiling pan
of water by capturing and sequestering the steam coming off the top.A corollory to this idea is that the whole idea
of a simple
climate sensitivity to CO2 is nonsense and the
sensitivity equation has no physical meaning unless you already know what the natural controls
on energy inputs are already ie the extent
of the natural variability.
According to Meng, the results suggest that if we are to reduce
climate losses
on manufacturing output, adaptation measures should not focus solely
on reducing the
sensitivity of workers to extreme heat, but also that
of factory machines.
«Based
on the satellite data gathered, we can identify areas that, over the past 14 years, have shown high
sensitivity to
climate variability,» says researcher Alistair Seddon at the Department
of Biology at the University
of Bergen (UiB).
If that is so, then the future rise (
on a
climate sensitivity figure
of 2degC) would be a further 1.2 degC.
The data is only 33 years in length, but based
on that data, there is no first order correlation between temperature and CO2 during its 33 year period and this suggests that then signal to CO2 (ie.,
Climate Sensitivity) is so low that it can not be measured within the sensitivity, resolution and errors of our best current temperature me
Sensitivity) is so low that it can not be measured within the
sensitivity, resolution and errors of our best current temperature me
sensitivity, resolution and errors
of our best current temperature measurements.
A couple
of other WUWT posts I found worth mentioning
on Climate Sensitivity.
Olson, R., et al. «What is the effect
of unresolved internal
climate variability
on climate sensitivity estimates?.»
On the face
of it the range of the IPCC models is centrally within the A&H 90 % range, but visual inspection of Figure 1 suggests that A&H find that there is about a 45 % probability that climate sensitivity is below the lower end of the range quoted by Meehl in August 2004 (Of course the IPCC draft report, which I have not seen, may include models with lower sensitivity than 2.6 ºC
of it the range
of the IPCC models is centrally within the A&H 90 % range, but visual inspection of Figure 1 suggests that A&H find that there is about a 45 % probability that climate sensitivity is below the lower end of the range quoted by Meehl in August 2004 (Of course the IPCC draft report, which I have not seen, may include models with lower sensitivity than 2.6 ºC
of the IPCC models is centrally within the A&H 90 % range, but visual inspection
of Figure 1 suggests that A&H find that there is about a 45 % probability that climate sensitivity is below the lower end of the range quoted by Meehl in August 2004 (Of course the IPCC draft report, which I have not seen, may include models with lower sensitivity than 2.6 ºC
of Figure 1 suggests that A&H find that there is about a 45 % probability that
climate sensitivity is below the lower end
of the range quoted by Meehl in August 2004 (Of course the IPCC draft report, which I have not seen, may include models with lower sensitivity than 2.6 ºC
of the range quoted by Meehl in August 2004 (
Of course the IPCC draft report, which I have not seen, may include models with lower sensitivity than 2.6 ºC
Of course the IPCC draft report, which I have not seen, may include models with lower
sensitivity than 2.6 ºC).
Therefore studies based
on observed warming have underestimated
climate sensitivity as they did not account for the greater response to aerosol forcing, and multiple lines
of evidence are now consistent in showing that
climate sensitivity is in fact very unlikely to be at the low end
of the range in recent estimates.
Climate skeptics tried to embrace Ruddiman simply because his views differed from conventional models — even though
on the side
of much greater
sensitivity to human intervention.
The «equilibrium»
sensitivity of the global surface temperature to solar irradiance variations, which is calculated simply by dividing the absolute temperature
on the earth's surface (288K) by the solar constant (1365Wm - 2), is based
on the assumption that the
climate response is linear in the whole temperature band starting at the zero point.
Monckton published an article
on climate sensitivity in a newsletter
of the American Physical Society.
On time - scales
of a few decades, the current observed rate
of warming can be used to constrain the projected response to a given emissions scenario despite uncertainty in
climate sensitivity.
Likewise, we find that natural variability, this last decade warming
on the low end compared previous decades, the lack
of coverage in the Arctic and so
on may have played a role in Lewis» underestimating transient
climate sensitivity:
The problem there is it is very difficult to have that discussion without at least broad agreement
on climate sensitivity and the cost
of inaction.
From the paper...» These results provide enhanced confidence in the range
of climate sensitivity in
climate simulations, which are based
on a positive uppertropospheric water vapor feedback.
If you want to estimate
climate sensitivity to doubling CO2, don't you need to estimate as precisely as possible the direct and indirect effects
of each forcing
on temperature trends?
While I have a better understanding than most
on issues related to
climate sensitivity, I would benefit from a direct, clear discussion
of the relative importance
of the forcing agents as they relate to the temperature record.
Rogelj, Joeri, et al. «Implications
of potentially lower
climate sensitivity on climate projections and policy.»
My only point
on the paper was that the estimates
of climate sensitivity therein had been relied upon in the Stern discussion papers.
First, it probably needs to be made clearer that generally speaking radiative forcing and
climate sensitivity are useful constructs that apply to a subsystem
of the
climate and are valid only for restricted timescales — the atmosphere and upper ocean
on multi-decadal periods.
Sure, there might be a few papers that take
climate sensitivity as a given and somehow try to draw conclusions about the impact
on the
climate from that... But, I hardly think that these are swamping the number
of papers trying to determine what the
climate sensitivity is, studying if the water vapor feedback is working as expected, etc., etc..
The calculations
of prospective warming in the OXONIA lecture and the accompanying discussion papers are based
on the new
climate sensitivity estimates by Murphy et al which were published in Nature, 12 August 2004, vol.
And the political debate
of mitigation or adaptation surely hinges
on the science, eg
on climate sensitivity.
As for the points Ferdinand makes in his (large) comment, I still contend that Ferdinand is misinterpreting the work
on climate sensitivity to various forcings, and the need to make the
sensitivity inference consistent with what we know about the physics
of the system.
In addition, past data can be used to provide independent estimates
of climate sensitivity, which provide a reality check
on the models.
However, even if we're lucky and the
climate sensitivity is just 2 °C for doubled atmospheric CO2, if we continue
on our current emissions path, we will commit ourselves to that amount
of warming (2 °C above pre-industrial levels) within the next 75 years.
Note that the last remark can go either way, as the solar signal can even be more enhanced at the cost
of the
sensitivity for the greenhouse signal... And from Hansen ea.: «Solar irradiance change has a strong spectral dependence [Lean, 2000], and resulting
climate changes may include indirect effects
of induced ozone change [RFCR; Haigh, 1999; Shindell et al., 1999a] and conceivably even cosmic ray effects
on clouds [Dickinson, 1975].
This changing
climate sensitivity may be the result
of other environmental factors that have, since the 1950s, increasingly acted to reduce tree - ring density below the level expected
on the basis
of summer temperature changes.
A 2015 USDA report (Brown et al. 2015)
on how
climate affects agriculture delineates the
sensitivities of specialty crops to many
climate components (e.g., temperatures, atmospheric CO2 levels, water supply, cloud and light conditions, high winds and other extreme conditions).
For example, Gerlich and Tscheuschner (
on the greenhouse effect) and Schwartz (
on climate sensitivity) are given space out
of all proportion with their scientific accomplishments, while mainstream researchers are given comparatively short shrift or completely ignored (case in point: James Annan
on climate sensitivity).
From the article: «The most likely value
of equilibrium
climate sensitivity based
on the energy budget
of the most recent decade is 2.0 °C, with a 5 — 95 % confidence interval
of 1.2 — 3.9 °C»
That's the same value for
climate sensitivity I've seen from the string theory physics site and from knowledgeable
climate sites as well — it's the number people get this way: calculated in the absence
of any feedback,
on the hypothetical twinning
of each molecule
of CO2 in the atmosphere to make two where there were one, instantly, and having nothing else happen.