Sentences with phrase «on aerosol formation»

Effects of anthropogenic emissions on aerosol formation from isoprene and monoterpenes in the southeastern United States

Whether these reactions produce condensing vapours that can condense onto the smallest particles or even molecules can have strong impacts on aerosol formation.

Not exact matches

The aerosols catalyze the formation of ice in the clouds, which could increase precipitation, although more research needs to be done on that linkage, Creamean said.

Despite its smaller ash cloud, El Chichn emitted more than 40 times the volume of sulfur - rich gases produced by Mt. St. Helens, which revealed that the formation of atmospheric sulfur aerosols has a more substantial effect on global temperatures than simply the volume of ash produced during an eruption.

At least over the oceans, the pre-industrial cloud conditions would have been considerably different from those of today; this implies that the aerosols we have been adding to the atmosphere may have had a significant effect on global patterns of cloud formation and rain.

Also facing elimination are the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 3, which would observe carbon dioxide flows; a mission to the space station that would have supported tests of a spectrometer intended to measure solar reflection; and Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem, a satellite that would measure the colors of the ocean to gauge the global flow of algae and the influence of ocean aerosols on cloud formation.

«Huge amounts of aerosols from Asia go as high as six miles up in the atmosphere and these have an unmistakable impact on cloud formations and weather.»

«We're not clear yet on what components of these emissions are the biggest contributors to ozone formation or aerosol formation,» says Coggon, «so that's what we'll be trying to figure out.»

They found that galactic cosmic rays exert only a small influence on the formation of sulphuric acid — dimethylamine clusters (the embryonic stage before aerosols may act as cloud condensation nuclei).

However, I am not optimistic — the specifics of the small scale physics (aerosol indirect effects on clouds, sea ice formation, soil hydrology etc.) are so heterogeneous that I don't see how you can do without calculating the details.

Solar activity impacts on climate are a fascinating topic, and encompass direct radiative processes, indirect effects via atmospheric chemistry and (potentially) aerosol formation effects.

The results presented are of the impact of ionization on the formation rate of aerosols with size ~ 4 nanometers (nm), as shown in the figure below:

Perhaps the thresholds for a CRF - cloud correlation was higher then than it has been for the past 40 years (one might imagine that in periods where the air is rather clear of man made aerosols, the threshold for CRF effects on cloud formation become higher... and so on).

Yes, there are physical mechanisms to connect GCM's to aerosol formation — however, GCM's aren't the only forcing on the system.

This paper re-states the grand Svensmark theory and attempts to address the work that has shown cosmic rays can not be a significant influence on climate because most aerosols run out of stuff to become big enough for cloud formation.

This section only assesses the aspects that are unique to the aviation sector, namely the formation of persistent condensation trails (contrails), their impact on cirrus cloudiness, and the effects of aviation aerosols.

In summary the findings to date indicate that the effect of cosmic rays on cloud formation is small compared to the large variations in natural biogenic aerosol emissions.

Effect of pellet boiler exhaust on secondary organic aerosol formation from α - pinene.

Here, we report unique observations on atmospheric aerosol formation based on measurements at the SMEAR II station, Finland, over a solar cycle (years 1996 — 2008) that shed new light on these presumed relationships.

A short while ago, Eli posted about Finnish research on the formation of small atmospheric aerosols.

46 Based on surface aerosol measurements at one site, Kulmala et al. (2010) found no connection between GCR 47 and new particle formation or any other aerosol property over a solar cycle (1996 — 2008).

Joe Ceonnia: ``... it seems to me as if this program is all over the globe» Joe, by observing the astoundingly unnatural patterns of atmospheric aerosols on cloud formations around the planet — via NASA Worldview (online)-- one can visibly observe the effects of geoengineering around the world.

Romakkaniemi, S., Maalick, Z., Hellsten, A., Ruuskanen, A., Väisänen, O., Ahmad, I., Tonttila, J., Mikkonen, S., Komppula, M., and Kühn, T.: Aerosol — landscape — cloud interaction: signatures of topography effect on cloud droplet formation, Atmos.

New information from dedicated recent and future field campaigns is expected to shed light on organic aerosol formation processes and how they are altered in the presence of anthropogenic pollution.

If a cloud doesn't form then because of lack of aerosols to start formation, chill that sucker down some more to form ice crystals and it should make its on substrate to form.

The 2014 Biogenic Aerosols — Effects on Clouds and Climate (BAECC) field campaign in Finland has provided rich data on processes related to aerosol, cloud, and snow formation.

The current focus of the program is aerosol radiative forcing of climate: aerosol formation and evolution and aerosol properties that affect direct and indirect influences on climate and climate change.»

With cloud tops warmer than -38 degrees Celsius, ice formation depends on aerosols that preferentially freeze at warm temperatures, referred to as ice nuclei.

The Indirect and Semi-Direct Aerosol Campaign (ISDAC) field campaign, deployed from Barrow, Alaska, on a Canadian National Research Council Convair - 580 jet in April 2008, provided improved observations of two new cases of single - layer, mixed - phase, stratiform clouds that are well - suited to test our understanding of ice formation.

These clouds then glaciate in higher levels, which could result in either more or less vigorous precipitation formation depending on the background aerosol levels and atmospheric stability (Khain et al., 2004).

On the other hand, if some of the anthropogenic aerosols act as ice nuclei, supercooled clouds could be converted into ice clouds by the glaciation indirect effect (Lohmann, 2002), resulting in more efficient precipitation formation.

It has been hypothesized that galactic cosmic rays (GCR) create atmospheric ions which facilitates aerosol nucleation and new particle formation with a further impact on the cloud formation (Kazil et al., 2012; Pierce and Adams, 2009).

Based on surface aerosol measurements at one site, Kulmala et al. (2010) found no connection between GCRand new particle formation or any other aerosol property over a solar cycle (1996 — 2008).

In the article «Global atmospheric particle formation from CERN CLOUD measurements,» sciencemag.org, 49 authors concluded «Atmospheric aerosol nucleation has been studied for over 20 years, but the difficulty of performing laboratory nucleation - rate measurements close to atmospheric conditions means that global model simulations have not been directly based on experimental data.....

Under strict temperature and humidity conditions, investigations in this laboratory provide new information on the particular aerosol particles that can lead to the formation of these clouds.

In addition to the complex physics of fog formation and transport, recent research suggests that microscopic aerosol particles may be critical players in fog dynamics and its effect on coastal human and ecological systems.

Chamber research is focused on understanding the lifecycle of organic aerosols, including their formation, growth, aging (oxidation), re-volatilization, and effect on cloud formation.

Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atmospheric aerosols: a review of results from laboratory experiments / C. Hoose & O. Mohler Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research — Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany / Published: 29 October 2012 Abstract: A small subset of the atmospheric aerosol population has the ability to induce ice formation at conditions under which ice would not form without them (heteroge - neous ice nucleAerosol Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany / Published: 29 October 2012 Abstract: A small subset of the atmospheric aerosol population has the ability to induce ice formation at conditions under which ice would not form without them (heteroge - neous ice nucleaerosol population has the ability to induce ice formation at conditions under which ice would not form without them (heteroge - neous ice nucleation).

Here, in part I, I'll review some of the basic processes that are important in determining the climate effects of aerosols, focusing in particular on their formation.

The present 3 - D modeling study focuses on aerosol chemical composition change since preindustrial times considering the secondary organic aerosol formation together with all other main aerosol components including nitrate.

Timonen, H., Karjalainen, P., Saukko, E., Saarikoski, S., Aakko - Saksa, P., Simonen, P., Murtonen, T., Dal Maso, M., Kuuluvainen, H., Bloss, M., Ahlberg, E., Svenningsson, B., Pagels, J., Brune, W. H., Keskinen, J., Worsnop, D. R., Hillamo, R., and Rönkkö, T.: Influence of fuel ethanol content on primary emissions and secondary aerosol formation potential for a modern flex - fuel gasoline vehicle, Atmos.

The climate feedbacks involved with these changes, which are key in understanding the climate system as a whole, include: + the importance of aerosol absorption on climate + the impact of aerosol deposition which affects biology and, hence, emissions of aerosols and aerosol precursors via organic nitrogen, organic phosphorus and iron fertilization + the importance of land use and land use changes on natural and anthropogenic aerosol sources + the SOA sources and impact on climate, with special attention on the impact human activities have on natural SOA formation In order to quantitatively answer such questions I perform simulations of the past, present and future atmospheres, and make comparisons with measurements and remote sensing data, all of which help understand, evaluate and improve the model's parameterizations and performance, and our understanding of the Earth system.

BAECC was designed to obtain important details on processes related to aerosol, cloud, and snow formation that are not currently well understood or well represented in earth system models.

Topics that I work on or plan to work in the future include studies of: + missing aerosol species and sources, such as the primary oceanic aerosols and their importance on the remote marine atmosphere, the in - cloud and aerosol water aqueous formation of organic aerosols that can lead to brown carbon formation, the primary terrestrial biological particles, and the organic nitrogen + missing aerosol parameterizations, such as the effect of aerosol mixing on cloud condensation nuclei and aerosol absorption, the semi-volatility of primary organic aerosols, the importance of in - canopy processes on natural terrestrial aerosol and aerosol precursor sources, and the mineral dust iron solubility and bioavailability + the change of aerosol burden and its spatiotemporal distribution, especially with regard to its role and importance on gas - phase chemistry via photolysis rates changes and heterogeneous reactions in the atmosphere, as well as their effect on key gas - phase species like ozone + the physical and optical properties of aerosols, which affect aerosol transport, lifetime, and light scattering and absorption, with the latter being very sensitive to the vertical distribution of absorbing aerosols + aerosol - cloud interactions, which include cloud activation, the aerosol indirect effect and the impact of clouds on aerosol removal + changes on climate and feedbacks related with all these topics In order to understand the climate system as a whole, improve the aerosol representation in the GISS ModelE2 and contribute to future IPCC climate change assessments and CMIP activities, I am also interested in understanding the importance of natural and anthropogenic aerosol changes in the atmosphere on the terrestrial biosphere, the ocean and climate.