If water vapor condenses
on aerosol particles and then precipitates you can remove that way too.
Kim M. J., G. A. Novak, M. C. Zoerb, M. Yang, B. W. Blomquist, B. J. Huebert, C. D. Cappa and T. H. Bertram (April 2017): Air - Sea exchange of biogenic volatile organic compounds and the impact
on aerosol particle size distributions.
Not exact matches
The research focuses
on the power of minute airborne
particles known as
aerosols, which can come from urban and industrial air pollution, wildfires and other sources.
And by carefully measuring and modeling the resulting changes in atmospheric composition, scientists could improve their estimate of how sensitive Earth's climate is to CO2, said lead author Joyce Penner, a professor of atmospheric science at the University of Michigan whose work focuses
on improving global climate models and their ability to model the interplay between clouds and
aerosol particles.
«Tiny
particles have outsize impact
on storm clouds, precipitation: Amazon rainforest provides a unique natural lab to study effects of
aerosols.»
A new simulation created by scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., reveals just how far around the globe such
aerosol particles can fly
on the wind.
On their own,
aerosol particles are tiny; when a cloud droplet becomes a rain droplet, it grows by a factor of a million as droplets crash and coalesce together.
There are few absolutes in life, but Will Cantrell - professor of physics at Michigan Technological University - says this is one: «Every cloud droplet in Earth's atmosphere formed
on a preexisting
aerosol particle.»
Several symposia have a local focus, including sessions
on ecology and education in San Diego's Mission Bay Park and the causes and effects of
aerosol particles in San Diego's atmosphere.
Over land, the small size of these
aerosol particles tends to suppress rainfall because the water droplets that condense
on them are light enough to remain aloft.
In order to keep
aerosols from harming the ozone, the
particles would need to neutralize sulfuric, nitric, and hydrochloric acid
on their surface.
PUMPING
aerosol particles into the atmosphere to create a sunshade could take a heavier toll
on solar power generation than expected.
Another massive undertaking, the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX), meanwhile, was specifically designed to see if climate forcing
on the part of
aerosol particles could be directly measured.
What's more, according to Tim Bates of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), «there's a very wide range of sizes [for
aerosol particles], and the effect that the
particle is going to have
on climate is going to be very dependent
on its size, which makes it trickier.»
Reactions in and
on sea - salt
aerosol particles may have a strong influence
on oxidation processes in the marine boundary layer through the production of halogen radicals, and reactions
on mineral
aerosols may significantly affect the cycles of nitrogen, sulfur, and atmospheric oxidants.
Two important
aerosol species, sulfate and organic
particles, have large natural biogenic sources that depend in a highly complex fashion
on environmental and ecological parameters and therefore are prone to influence by global change.
A newly developed
aerosol deposition chamber also allowed for the
particles to be realistically deposited
on cell cultures from healthy and diseased airways.
Whether these reactions produce condensing vapours that can condense onto the smallest
particles or even molecules can have strong impacts
on aerosol formation.
The
particle soot absorption photometer collects
aerosol particles on a substrate and measures the change in light transmission relative to a reference filter.
During ISDAC, they collected an unprecedented level of data and detailed observations
on Arctic clouds and
aerosols, those tiny
particles in the atmosphere that act as seeds for cloud droplets and ice crystals.
Because small - scale climate features, such as clouds and atmospheric
aerosol particles, have a large impact
on global climate, it's important to improve the methods used to represent those climate features in the models.
There are several variations
on the so - called solar geoengineering theme, but they all have the same end - goal: using
aerosols to blanket our atmosphere with reflective
particles in order to quickly lower global temperatures.
Incoming energy, which comes primarily from the sun, is turned into various forms of absorbed energy, depending
on terrain and atmospheric conditions such as clouds and
aerosol particles.
CLOUD is designed to understand how new
aerosol particles form and grow in the atmosphere, and their effect
on clouds and climate.
We need to better understand how shielded PAHs might vary depending
on the complexity of the
aerosol composition, atmospheric chemical aging of
particles, temperature, and relative humidity,» said Shrivastava.
The potential risks around sulfate
aerosol solar geoengineering include alteration of regional precipitation patterns, its effects
on human health, and the potential damage to Earth's ozone layer by increased stratospheric sulfate
particles.
In general, the risk of
aerosol transmission increases with proximity and duration of exposure to the source; however, once aerosolized, certain pathogens may remain infective over long distances, depending
on particle size, the nature of the pathogen, and such environmental factors as temperature and humidity.3
According to «Atmospheric
particles and nuclei» by Götz et al. (1991), Junge (1963) proposed
on the basis of
aerosol measurements that «large» and «giant»
particles (radius greater than 0.1 micro-meter) constitute the majority of CCN, independently of their chemical composition.
After each of these eruptions we have noted the presence of (generally) submicrometer - sized ash
particles and
aerosol droplets
on collectors, although we can not always be certain of the identity of the volcano responsible for the material.
The spotlight is
on the effect of
aerosol -
particles released by industrial activity -
on the Earth's climate.
CLOUD is designed to study the effects of cosmic rays
on aerosols, cloud droplets and ice
particles, under precisely controlled laboratory conditions.
I write it off as a very real effect that is not well characterized by the models, probably because these models don't model with enough accuracy the effect of the additional
aerosol particles on cloud production to properly account for it's full effect
on temperature.
Coupling these new measurements with detailed cloud simulations that resolve the size distributions of
aerosols and cloud
particles, we found several lines of evidence indicating that most anvil crystals form
on mid-tropospheric rather than boundary - layer
aerosols.
For the first time, researchers have developed a comprehensive approach to look at
aerosols — those fine
particles found in pollution — and their effect
on clouds and climate.
Every droplet in a cloud must be seeded
on a
particle of some kind, generally referred to as
aerosols.
The cosmic ray
particles work let's say like a «glue» that puts together all the already formed condensation nuclei in the atmospheric air, creating therefore bigger condensation nuclei and finally the clouds, or the cosmic
particles act as
aerosols on their own,
on which the water vapour condenses?
As the
aerosol particles rise
on the warm, convecting air, they produce more rain over northern India and the Himalayan foothill, which further warms the atmosphere and fuels a «heat pump» that draws yet more warm air to the region.
Over the last century, tiny airborne
particles called
aerosols, which cool the climate by absorbing and reflecting sunlight, have largely cancelled out the effects of GHG emissions
on tropical storm intensity, according to a new scientific review paper published in Science journal.
46 Based
on surface
aerosol measurements at one site, Kulmala et al. (2010) found no connection between GCR 47 and new
particle formation or any other
aerosol property over a solar cycle (1996 — 2008).
The UV
Aerosol Index (UV - AI), which is an excellent indicator of the column amounts of light - absorbing
particles in clear as well as cloudy atmospheres, showed 2016 was the smokiest season
on record since 2004.
Fan's most recent paper appeared in Science and investigated the influence of ultrafine
aerosol particles from urban areas
on severe storms.
This is an old story: Rasool and (Steve) Schneider published a paper in Science
on that day noting that if human - made
aerosols (small
particles in the air) increased by a factor of four, other things being equal, they could cause massive global cooling.
As part of that calculation, researchers have relied
on simplifying assumptions when accounting for the temperature impacts of climate drivers other than carbon dioxide, such as tiny
particles in the atmosphere known as
aerosols, for example.»
With regard to the actual content of the press release quoted, it isn't clear if the process they report
on (
aerosol particles, particularly organic chemicals, getting smaller over time) makes them better or worse at forming clouds and their other atmosphere cooling functions.
25 Uncertainties Changes in atmospheric water vapor — Changes in cloudiness — Changes in albedo Carbon budgets
Aerosol particles — Direct effects — Impact
on clouds — Black carbon
I'll admit that dimethysulphide and iodocompounds are poor reaches for straws, I don't know who dreamed that up, more emphasis should be made
on natural mineral, sea - salt, and gas - to -
particle aerosols)-- Very poor oversimplified cloud modeling (equating all clouds to a single W / m2 forcing parameter)-- Accuracy of model predictions (they present a juicy graph of a 1988 model and observed temps.
Second
on the list is
particle pollution, or
aerosols, which partly counteract the greenhouse gases.
Dlugach, Z.M., M.I. Mishchenko, and A.V. Morozhenko, 2002: The effect of the shape of dust
aerosol particles in the Martian atmosphere
on the
particle parameters.
It has been hypothesized that galactic cosmic rays (GCR) create atmospheric ions which facilitates
aerosol nucleation and new
particle formation with a further impact
on the cloud formation (Kazil et al., 2012; Pierce and Adams, 2009).
Based
on surface
aerosol measurements at one site, Kulmala et al. (2010) found no connection between GCRand new
particle formation or any other
aerosol property over a solar cycle (1996 — 2008).