Sentences with phrase «on atmospheric composition»

By the end of the 1990s, research on atmospheric composition and climate forcing had made many important advances.

No, it's related to the opacity of the atmosphere at altitude and is a function of wavelength depending on the atmospheric composition.

This effective radiating level depends on atmospheric composition and, in particular, on those constituents that absorb terrestrial radiation.

For example, although Bradley does touch on atmospheric composition, the provenance for the last sentence in Wegman on ice cores remains unclear:

For example, understanding the decisions leading to different types of energy use could be useful for developing new behaviors and technologies in the future that lessen human impact on atmospheric composition, ocean chemistry, and climate.

Voulgarakis, A., and R.D. Field, 2015: Fire influences on atmospheric composition, air quality, and climate.

[Response: The ratio is not constant in time, because aerosols have a much shorter perturbation time on atmospheric composition than CO2.

Layer your view of shifting continents with data on atmospheric composition, temperature, biodiversity, day length, and solar luminosity, to get a more complete view of our dynamic planet.

It will allow researchers to assess whether a planet is habitable or not based on atmospheric composition.

For example, although Bradley does touch on atmospheric composition, the provenance for the last sentence in Wegman on ice cores remains unclear:

This discovery sheds new light on the atmospheric composition of the planet and also refutes previous hypotheses about WASP - 12b's atmosphere.

Not exact matches

And, of course, the early 2005 descent of the Huygens probe through Titan's atmosphere for two and a half hours captured panoramic images and measurements of atmospheric composition, transparency, winds and temperature before the probe came to rest on the moon's surface.

The fires recurrently affecting Borneo's humid tropical ecosystems have negative influence on the biodiversity and lead to large CO2 emissions, affecting atmospheric composition and regional climate processes.

And by carefully measuring and modeling the resulting changes in atmospheric composition, scientists could improve their estimate of how sensitive Earth's climate is to CO2, said lead author Joyce Penner, a professor of atmospheric science at the University of Michigan whose work focuses on improving global climate models and their ability to model the interplay between clouds and aerosol particles.

This discovery, and other observations made by the Penn State team, provide insight into the complexity of weather and atmospheric composition on exoplanets, and may someday be useful for gauging the habitability of Earth - size planets.

Effects of fuel usage will depend on local atmospheric composition, such as fine particle pollutants.

Wieser, H., R. Manderscheid, M. Erbs, and H. J. Weigel, 2008: Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations on the quantitative protein composition of wheat grain.

Depending on a main sequence star's spectral type, even a planet with Earth's atmospheric composition may be colored differently.

On massive planets, gravity directly affects the atmospheric composition.

In 2003, astronomers at the University of Texas at Arlington performed refined calculations to determine that the habitable zone around 47 Ursae Majoris, where an inner rocky planet (with suitable mass and atmospheric gas composition and density) can have liquid water on its surface, lies between 1.05 and 1.83 AUs of the star.

In them a planet might still be able to support liquid water on its surface if more exotic atmospheric compositions are allowed.

(The ESA spacecraft arrived at Sol's hottest planet on March 11, 2006, where it is being used to investigate how Venus — although similar to Earth in size, mass, and composition — evolved over the past 4.6 billion years to have atmospheric and planetary surface characteristics that now appear very different from those on Earth.)

However, elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations and ocean acidification may also have an adverse impact on diatom growth, causing a decrease in cell size and possible further changes in phytoplankton composition.

The consensus is that several factors are important: atmospheric composition (the concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane); changes in the Earth's orbit around the Sun known as Milankovitch cycles (and possibly the Sun's orbit around the galaxy); the motion of tectonic plates resulting in changes in the relative location and amount of continental and oceanic crust on the Earth's surface, which could affect wind and ocean currents; variations in solar output; the orbital dynamics of the Earth - Moon system; and the impact of relatively large meteorites, and volcanism including eruptions of supervolcanoes.

For my post-doctoral project, I decided to focus on the question, «to what extent can atmospheric pollutants, such as CO2 and ozone, exert a selective effect on woody plant species, and how are the resulting changes in the genetic composition of the plant community likely to affect the animals that feed on them?»

We need to better understand how shielded PAHs might vary depending on the complexity of the aerosol composition, atmospheric chemical aging of particles, temperature, and relative humidity,» said Shrivastava.

Because this climate sensitivity is derived from empirical data on how Earth responded to past changes of boundary conditions, including atmospheric composition, our conclusions about limits on fossil fuel emissions can be regarded as largely independent of climate models.

Dragonfly is a dual - quadcopter lander that would take advantage of the environment on Titan to fly to multiple locations, some hundreds of miles apart, to sample materials and determine surface composition to investigate Titan's organic chemistry and habitability, monitor atmospheric and surface conditions, image landforms to investigate geological processes, and perform seismic studies.

Assessing the anthropogenic influence on atmospheric oxidants using the oxygen isotopic composition of sulfate and nitrate from the WAIS - Divide ice core.

Building on the subtle atmospheric space of these paintings, Contino adapted more whimsical, vaguely biomorphic, forms, deploying them in highly orchestrated compositions.

It's something of an abstract concept, but with real world implications, and the universality of such physical models, based on things like radiative balance, atmospheric composition and density, distance from the local Sun, etc., is a very strong argument in favor of general acceptance of the results of climate models and observations on Earth.

[Response: Changes in the atmospheric composition are negligible for their effect on the gas law, but not in terms of radiative transfer, so your conclusion is invalid.]

But, surely the fact that there is still life on earth despite previous huge changes in our atmospheric composition suggests that the Venus effect is a bad science fiction scenario rather than a serious possibility.

In my opinion, and in the view of most economists, those steps must be accompanied by a rising price on carbon emissions if we hope to stabilize atmospheric composition.

Given the huge sums of money involved in funding climate research and the even larger sums being spent on the assumption that it gives us good guidance for practical decisions, it may be time for some very large experimental chambers to be constructed to test the presumptions of the device of using forcings as an tractable way of including changes in atmospheric composition in climate models.

Wieser, H., R. Manderscheid, M. Erbs, and H. J. Weigel, 2008: Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations on the quantitative protein composition of wheat grain.

Explore the sensitivity of the climate system to atmospheric chemical composition with emphasis on connections to biosphereic processes and feedbacks

On longer timescales, atmospheric composition and climate have been intertwined for billions of years, especially via methane, which is both a powerful greenhouse gas and is chemically reactive.

But it is a proxy, because the idea that that it is not a proxy rests on the tenuous and unproven assumption that the chemical composition of the ice - core data does not undergo any fractionation processes before closing and after closing that affect the chemical composition of the bubbles thereby perfectly preserving the atmospheric concentration of CO2.

For example, scenarios that rely on the results from GCM experiments alone may be able to represent some of the uncertainties that relate to the modelling of the climate response to a given radiative forcing, but might not embrace uncertainties caused by the modelling of atmospheric composition for a given emissions scenario, or those related to future land - use change.

The experiments were performed with ModelE2, a new version of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Sciences (GISS) coupled general circulation model that includes three different versions for the atmospheric composition components: a noninteractive version (NINT) with prescribed composition and a tuned aerosol indirect effect (AIE), the TCAD version with fully interactive aerosols, whole - atmosphere chemistry, and the tuned AIE, and the TCADI version which further includes a parameterized first indirect aerosol effect on clouds.

Because this climate sensitivity is derived from empirical data on how Earth responded to past changes of boundary conditions, including atmospheric composition, our conclusions about limits on fossil fuel emissions can be regarded as largely independent of climate models.

The input to the models is the external influences on the system, e.g. anthropoenic changes to atmospheric composition.

All of these influences occur superposed on the climate change signals associated with changes in atmospheric composition.»

Gavin Schmidt, the current director of GISS and collaborator on the NeXSS effort highlighted the connections between the new effort and GISS's roots: «The study of planetary climates, wherever they are, involves the basic sciences of radiative transfer, atmospheric composition and circulation.

Consider the facts: the climate system is indicated to have left the natural cycle path; multiple lines of evidence and studies from different fields all point to the human fingerprint on current climate change; the convergence of these evidence lines include ice mass loss, pattern changes, ocean acidification, plant and species migration, isotopic signature of CO2, changes in atmospheric composition, and many others.

The Early Anthropogenic Hypothesis (108) posits that mid-Holocene increases in CO2 and CH4 resulted from early land clearing and other agricultural practices and that these unprecedented interglacial trends in atmospheric composition set global climate on a trajectory toward warmer conditions long before human use of fossil fuels (108, 109).

Thus the spectral composition of solar radiation is crucial in determining atmospheric structure, as well as surface temperature, and it follows that the response of the atmosphere to variations in solar irradiance depends on the spectrum2.

Just as the slowly increasing pressure of a finger eventually flips a switch and turns on a light, the slow effects of drifting continents or wobbling orbits or changing atmospheric composition may «switch» the climate to a new state.

Oakwood, the tragedy is not what's happening in science — things there are just as they should be: the field continues to develop new data and refined analyses, general conclusions have been reached that a very large majority support, based on well - established principles (properties of CO2, thermodynamics, effects of warmer air on evaporation...) and data (measures of CO2 levels, shifts in isotopic composition of atmospheric CO2, temperature records — instrumental and proxy,...).