Sentences with phrase «on atmospheric observations»

U.S. national and regional emissions of HFC - 134a are derived for 2008 — 2012 based on atmospheric observations from ground and aircraft sites across the U.S. and a newly developed regional...

Not exact matches

This global biological recordbased on daily observations of ocean algae and land plants from NASAs Sea - viewing Wide Field - of - View Sensor (SeaWiFS) missionwill enable scientists to study the fate of atmospheric carbon, terrestrial plant productivity and the health of the oceans food web.

What is more, because Jupiter's microwave emissions vary in wavelength based on the pressure (as well as temperature) of the atmospheric layers where they originate, observations at multiple wavelengths allow researchers to create a cross-section through the atmosphere.

This discovery, and other observations made by the Penn State team, provide insight into the complexity of weather and atmospheric composition on exoplanets, and may someday be useful for gauging the habitability of Earth - size planets.

Hubble observations of the planet's atmospheric temperature profile represent the first time astronomers have detected this precipitation process, called a «cold trap,» on an exoplanet.

The study authors based their analysis on a combination of satellite observations of rainfall and vegetation and an atmospheric circulation model to track the movement of air masses.

The ARM Facility has provided the world's atmospheric scientists with continuous observations of cloud and aerosol properties and their impacts on the Earth's energy balance for more than 20 years.

I am excited about our results because they open a new window on very fundamental processes in brown dwarfs (atmospheric circulation, heat exchanges, and cloud formation) and, at the same time, they also explain a number of past observations that puzzled brown dwarf experts.

These observations represent the first constraints on the atmospheric dynamics of a highly irradiated brown dwarf, and the atmospheres of irradiated giant planets at high surface gravity.

«Based on our observations in the sea - surface microlayer, we think that this could be very important as it may imply a positive feedback on atmospheric CO2 from oceanic sources, that is, from microbial metabolism at the air - sea interface.»

Previous proofs have relied on complex climate models, but this proof doesn't need such models — just careful observations of the land, ocean and atmospheric gases.»

The Finnish Meteorological Institute started meteorological observations on the island in 1881, and atmospheric trace gas and aerosol measurements as member of the EMEP - network in 1980.

The workshop, building on the knowledge and practical skills acquired during the school, aims to bring together expertise on large - scale atmospheric and oceanic dynamics, small scale cloud and precipitation processes, hierarchical climate modeling and observation.

Although there are no reliable observations, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide about 100 years ago, at about the start of the industrial revolution, are estimated to have been on the order of 270 to 290 parts per million (ppm).

The atmospheric main house, «The Fort», is based on an ancient military observation point from the First World War and draws upon the influences of the great East African market.

It's something of an abstract concept, but with real world implications, and the universality of such physical models, based on things like radiative balance, atmospheric composition and density, distance from the local Sun, etc., is a very strong argument in favor of general acceptance of the results of climate models and observations on Earth.

These are the best products for making such estimates because they rely on atmospheric dynamics calculations, strongly constrained by all the observations, both on and off the Antarctic continent.

Note that he used the past in his sentence «satellite data showed no warming» and then he goes on «The report showed that selective corrections to the atmospheric data could lead to some warming, thus reducing the conflict between observations and models descriptions of what greenhouse warming should look like.»

A main control on atmospheric CO2 appears to be the ocean surface temperature, and remains a possibility that a significant part of the overall increase of atmospheric CO2 since at least 1958 (start of Mauna Loa observations) simply relflects the gradual warming of the oceans as a result of the prolonged period of high solar activity since 1920 (Solanki et al., 2004).

Evidence that extreme precipitation is increasing is based primarily on analysis1, 2,3 of hourly and daily precipitation observations from the U.S. Cooperative Observer Network, and is supported by observed increases in atmospheric water vapor.4 Recent publications have projected an increase in extreme precipitation events, 1,5 with some areas getting larger increases6 and some getting decreases.7, 2

Cross Cutting Priority 1: (Integrated Global Environmental Observation and Data Management System) focuses on developing a global - to - local environmental observation and data management systems for the comprehensive, continuous monitoring of coupled ocean / atmospheric / land systems that enhance NOAA's ability to protect lives, property, expand economic opportunities, understand climate variability, and promote healthy ecosystems.

Future emails will include: the difference between contrails / vapour trails and Stratospheric Aerosol Injection observations on covert atmospheric spraying (their tactics have changed in the last few weeks — this has been noticed globally) who is controlling the spraying — who are «they» much of the northern hemisphere is burning — California, Canada, Siberia (2,000 mile smoke clouds), Sweden etc..

In this study we examine the impact of SAL effects on ocean mass redistribution under different surface loads (land hydrology, atmospheric pressure, ocean dynamics), using a number of geophysical models and GRACE observations.

Requires the Climate Service Program to: (1) analyze the effects of weather and climate on communities; (2) carry out observations, data collection, and monitoring of atmospheric and oceanic conditions; (3) provide information and technical support to governmental efforts to assess and respond to climate variability and change; (4) develop systems for the management and dissemination of data; (5) conduct research to improve forecasting and understanding of weather and climate variability and change and its effects on communities; and (6) develop tools to facilitate the use of climate information by local and regional stakeholders.

Statistical downscaling is based on relationships linking large - scale atmospheric variables from either GCMs or RCMs (predictors) and local / regional climate variables (predictands) using observations.

Morison and Untersteiner (University of Washington); 5.6 Million Square Kilometers; Heuristic Estimate is based on recent observations, including the previous winter Arctic Oscillation (AO), ice concentrations observed during North Pole Environmental Observatory (NPEO) hydro surveys, atmospheric and ice surface conditions observed with NPEO buoys and Web Cams, and recent ice trajectories.

Verification based on direct observation of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations will be necessary to demonstrate that estimated emission reductions have been actualized in the atmosphere.

Here, we report unique observations on atmospheric aerosol formation based on measurements at the SMEAR II station, Finland, over a solar cycle (years 1996 — 2008) that shed new light on these presumed relationships.

In addition to treating cloud transmission based only on the measurements at the local time of the TOMS observations, the results from other satellites and weather assimilation models can be used to estimate atmospheric UV irradiance transmission throughout the day.

«The authors write that North Pacific Decadal Variability (NPDV) «is a key component in predictability studies of both regional and global climate change,»... they emphasize that given the links between both the PDO and the NPGO with global climate, the accurate characterization and the degree of predictability of these two modes in coupled climate models is an important «open question in climate dynamics» that needs to be addressed... report that model - derived «temporal and spatial statistics of the North Pacific Ocean modes exhibit significant discrepancies from observations in their twentieth - century climate... conclude that «for implications on future climate change, the coupled climate models show no consensus on projected future changes in frequency of either the first or second leading pattern of North Pacific SST anomalies,» and they say that «the lack of a consensus in changes in either mode also affects confidence in projected changes in the overlying atmospheric circulation.»»

Wang, 5.0 (± 0.27), Modeling A projected September Arctic sea ice extent of 5.0 million km2 is based on a NCEP ensemble mean CFSv2 forecast initialized from the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) that assimilates observed sea ice concentrations and other atmospheric and oceanic observations.

To conduct their study, the researchers used a spatial model of marsh morphodynamics into which they incorporated recently published observations from field experiments on marsh vegetation response to varying levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

SummaryFor two years beginning in 2013, a large team led by Sanjay Limaye set out to combine and compare the following: Venusian atmospheric data collected by probes in the 1970s and 1980s (used to create the Venus International Reference Atmosphere, or VIRA) Venus Express data on the vertical and horizontal structure of the atmosphereEarth - based observations of the upper atmosphere temperature structure of Venus made since VIRAFigure 1a: Vertical coverage of post-VIRA atmospheric structure experi....

It is true that the greenhouse effect theory is based on experimental observations, e.g., a) the different infra - red properties of the atmospheric gases; b) the infra - red nature of the Earth's outgoing radiation and c) the observation that fossil fuel usage is increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

In fact, the gap between model results based on increasing CO2 and the atmospheric observations is continuing to grow.

Secretary of Commerce Don Evans also announced a $ 103 million two - year federal initiative to accelerate the deployment of new global observation technologies, focused on oceans and atmospheric aerosols and carbon.

Simultaneous observations of atmospheric ethane, compared with the ethane - to - methane ratio in the pipeline gas delivered to the region, demonstrate that natural gas accounted for ∼ 60 — 100 % of methane emissions, depending on season.

However, a confident assessment of human influence on hurricanes will require further studies using models and observations, with emphasis on distinguishing natural from human - induced changes in hurricane activity through their influence on factors such as historical sea surface temperatures, wind shear, and atmospheric vertical stability.

While the average earthly temperature does climb in correlation to the amount of atmospheric carbon, people tend to rely on their observations of the weather to validate or repudiate the science behind climate change.

I was at an international conference on aerosol in September and I made a comment that we're getting to the stage with CLOUD where we will understand the processes extremely well, but we still won't be able to reduce the errors because we don't have good enough atmospheric observations of what the concentrations of these vapors are in the atmosphere versus altitude.

-- ... and thus it is only an assumption based on models (i.e., the idea that oceans are a net sink is based upon modeling, not observations) that the tiny changes in human emissions from year to year are driving the atmospheric CO2 concentration changes.

This conversion facilitates comparison with estimates of the atmospheric growth rate based on in situ observations (e.g. from Mauna Loa, Hawaii).

CO; 2 Observations of the Infrared Radiative Properties of the Ocean «[I] t is necessary to understand the physical variables contributing to sea surface emitted and reflected radiation to space.The emissivity of the ocean surface varies with view angle and sea state, the reflection of sky radiation also depends on view angle and sea state, and the absorption of atmospheric constituents such as water vapor, aerosols, and subdivisible clouds affect transmittance.»

The ARM Facility has provided the world's atmospheric scientists with continuous observations of cloud and aerosol properties and their impacts on the Earth's energy balance for more than 20 years.

Recent calculations of atmospheric sensitivity to increased concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere are based on observations and provide values for sensitivity that are much lower than previous versions that were based on models.

Lahsen's abstract says «Drawing on participant observation and interviews with climate modelers and the atmospheric scientists with whom they interact, the study discusses how modelers, and to some extent knowledge producers in general, are sometimes less able than some users to identify shortcomings of their models.»

Most importantly, the observations have confirmed that human activities, in particular a 40 % increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations since the late 19th century, have had a discernible and significant impact on the climate system already.

None of these could have been caused by an increase in atmospheric CO2, Model projections of warming during recent decades have greatly exceeded what has been observed, The modelling community has openly acknowledged that the ability of existing models to simulate past climates is due to numerous arbitrary tuning adjustments, Observations show no statistically valid trends in flooding or drought, and no meaningful acceleration whatsoever of pre-existing long term sea level rise (about 6 inches per century) worldwide, Current carbon dioxide levels, around 400 parts per million are still very small compared to the averages over geological history, when thousands of parts per million prevailed, and when life flourished on land and in the oceans.

a) Eli's friend is working on this at the moment (Eli will take some credit) b) All in all, since the methane atmospheric lifetime is built into observations it will only shift the proportion of oxidation among different mechanisms in the models.

But for the earth atmosphere apparently based on AIRS satellite observations, as well as computer calculations, what is seen, looking down is a clearly blackbody like radiation spectrum, with holes in it corresponding to various atmospheric components like H2O, CO2, and O3 primarily.