Berinstain has a Bachelor's degree in chemistry and biochemistry and a doctorate in chemistry, specializing in the effects of
radiation on biological systems.
John Hemminger, a chemist from the University of California, Irvine, and chair of DOE's Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee, noted that within biological and environmental research, the Republican bill specifically favors
research on biological systems, genomics, and the effects of low - dose radiation.
In one of his more intriguing
passages on biological systems, he notes that humanity has failed to realize that «operation of natural ecosystems is exemplary,» in that their processing of organic waste gives rise to a new generation of plants.
Fascination with the effects of electricity and spark
discharges on biological systems started with the work of L. Galvani in 1780 with frog legs and the discovery of «animal electricity.»
Impacts of climate warming upon coastal and marine ecosystems are also likely to intensify the problems of eutrophication and
stress on these biological systems (EEA, 2004b; Robinson et al., 2005; SEPA, 2005; SEEG, 2006).
For instance, the large sea - level rise (up to 12 m) that would result from the melting of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets would have major impacts on coastal areas, with effects both
on biological systems and human populations.