In the FSCO Appeal Decision of State Farm and Sabadash (P16 - 00029), Director's Delegate Evans conducts a thorough analysis of the key jurisprudence
on causation in Canada of the key causation...
In the FSCO Appeal Decision of State Farm and Sabadash (P16 - 00029), Director's Delegate Evans conducts a thorough analysis of the key jurisprudence
on causation in Canada of the key causation decisions: Athey v. Leonati (1996 S.C.C.), Resurfice Corp v. Hanke (2007 S.C.C.).
MacLean Law's Surrey Vancouver Medical Malpractice Lawyers took note today of the Supreme Court of Canada's newest blockbuster 4:3 decision
on causation in medical malpractice cases.
Justice Cronk writing for the unanimous Court summarized the jurisprudence
on causation in accident benefits matters to that date:
[85] Athey v. Leonati2 is the leading Canadian case
on causation in tort law.
[Expert evidence was required
on causation in a legal malpractice case at summary judgment proceeding.]
However, the primary focus
on causation in the inner realm risks obscuring the gravity of trespasses in the «outer» world, the systematic and institutional nature of oppression, and the culpability of the perpetrating agents.
Not exact matches
And just as we frequently mistake correlation for
causation, we're susceptible to what's called the «gambler's fallacy,» the belief that anomalies from expected outcomes
in a random process are likely to be evened out by their opposites
in the future — or, more simply, the idea that a roulette ball that's landed eight straight times
on black is therefore more likely
on the ninth spin to land
on red.
At Oxford University, Tony Honoré made his name as an expert
on causation and moral responsibility
in the law.
The Ninth Circuit's holding
in First Solar marks its first definitive resolution of the internal conflict
in its case law
on loss
causation.
But if you are looking for consilience,
in which multiple lines of independent evidence converge
on the same target, then Schwartz's argument is a good one to have
in your arsenal, for it fits nicely with biological arguments for intelligent design (cf. Michael Behe's Darwin's Black Box), recent philosophical work
on mental
causation (cf. Robert Koons» Realism Regained), cosmological fine - tuning (cf. John Barrow and Frank Tipler's The Anthropic Cosmological Principle), and consciousness studies (cf. Dean Radin's The Conscious Universe).
In the process, cadets tried to discern continuity and causation in complicated events, and from a name, mere words on a page, they worked to reverse - engineer a lif
In the process, cadets tried to discern continuity and
causation in complicated events, and from a name, mere words on a page, they worked to reverse - engineer a lif
in complicated events, and from a name, mere words
on a page, they worked to reverse - engineer a life.
In particular, I'm optimistic that Schwartz's concept of «mental force» can be given a solid metaphysical underpinning in terms of Rob Koons» above - mentioned work on mental causatio
In particular, I'm optimistic that Schwartz's concept of «mental force» can be given a solid metaphysical underpinning
in terms of Rob Koons» above - mentioned work on mental causatio
in terms of Rob Koons» above - mentioned work
on mental
causation.
A manuscript
on explanation and
causation in history which my conversion led me to lay aside 90 per cent completed still sits
on a shelf.
But Catholic thinking rejects the genetic fallacy applied to the natural world and contains instead a holistic understanding of reality based
on all the faculties of reason and all the causes evident
in nature» including the «vertical»
causation of formality and finality.
However, this reviewer was not convinced that the otherwise good discussion of emergence / top - down
causation quite hit the nail
on the head
in addressing determinism.
Second,
in our present cultural setting the AA emphasis
on a physical component
in alcoholism is» probably more effective than the concept of psychological
causation in reducing the guilt - fear load and facilitating therapeutic change.
It would appear that we do not have two different kinds of
causation but two ways of speaking about a process, dependent
on the speaker's perspective
on a particular stage of the event - succession Supposing we are contemporaneous with an electron, we look at its present state
in relation to its past, and we say «efficient
causation»; if we look at its present state
in relation to its future, we say «final
causation.»
Efficient
causation,
on which this investigation shall concentrate, has
in contrast presented serious problems.
Let me suggest, too, that Whitehead similarly insists
on finite creativity, though
in different words, when he says that «all actual entities share with God» and that they have the «characteristic of self -
causation» (PR 339).
For one, the universe may only appear to have order, just as
causation may only appear to actually exist, when
in fact any given event may be said to have unlimited causes and we only limit are decision
on what «truly» caused something to GIVE order to the universe — think about all the finger pointing that goes
on every time something unexpected happens.
In other words, in the account of supervenient causation, M1 is said to be supervenient on P1, which is said to be a sufficient cause of P
In other words,
in the account of supervenient causation, M1 is said to be supervenient on P1, which is said to be a sufficient cause of P
in the account of supervenient
causation, M1 is said to be supervenient
on P1, which is said to be a sufficient cause of P2.
Kim's writings
on the mind as supervenient upon the body have revolved primarily around the effort to reconcile mental
causation — «arguably... the central issue
in the metaphysics of mind» (SM xv)-- with physicalism.
I wanted there to be macroscopic forms as an essential ingredient
in the theory, and these exerting an influence
on what happened by providing a sort of filter into which the
causation of quantum mechanics had to direct itself.
It is based
on Driesch and
in turn
on Aristotle, and the apparent duality between formative and energetic
causation has its ancestry
in Aristotle's distinction between form and matter.
Or,
on the contrary, may the whole phenomenon of regeneration; even
in these startling instantaneous examples, possibly be a strictly natural process, divine
in its fruits, of course, but
in one case more and
in another less so, and neither more nor less divine
in its mere
causation and mechanism than any other process, high or low, of man's interior life?
We have four philosopher - scientists
in the Dialogues: Margaret Masterman, developing a new theory of language; Christopher Clarke, a mathematical physicist working out a theory of space; Rupert Sheldrake, who has a hypothesis of «formative
causation» as supplementing energetic
causation; and Jonathan Westphal, who is working
on the philosophical psychology of colour perception.
Though correlation doesn't necessarily connote
causation, it is interesting to note that 9 of the 10 most religious states
in the US, as revealed by a 2008 Gallup poll of more than 355,000 adults
in the U.S. regarding the importance of religion
in their lives, are also
on the CDC's list of the 10 fattest states.
Darwin then distinguishes his «plan of creation» from the belief
in «special creations» by drawing
on a dual
causation theory developed by Thomas Aquinas.
But briefly, it is this: «orthodox» scientific uneasiness about the role of purpose or final
causation in planetary evolution has its grounds partly
in the fact that over the centuries most people who have tried to describe the role of purpose
on Earth haven't known «what» they were talking about.
The proper interpretation of Lamarckian notions
in genetics thus depends fully
on knowing «what» we are talking about: all new patterns of efficient
causation in animal bodies can be traced to some occasions» subjective aims.
The
causation involved
in this interaction is
causation in a different sense from the influence of this system of bodily interactions within nature
on the alien mind which thereupon perceives redness and warmth.
On the microscopic level, when the novelty originating
in the mental pole of an actual occasion is largely absent, the power of efficient
causation escapes modification by conceptual ideals.
Researchers can also hone
in on causation by tracking child development over time, and looking for evidence of change.
But anti-smoking campaigners long ago gave up
on direct
causation in their assessment of smoking harms or their proposals for reducing it.
The problem is that many actual real life politicians
in USA assume that implication and make budgetary decisions and public rhethoric based
on that assumed
causation (example1, example2, example3 from top of Google search first page).
This week's features: A professor's troubling politicization of epigenetics
in Gizmodo, Men's Health quotes me
on male fertility but mistakes correlation for
causation.
While this study, published
in the journal Obesity
on Monday, also does not prove
causation, it provides a revealing look at the details of what changes
in the body and what appears to remain stable with less sugar.
Herein we propose a variant of Koch's postulates, aimed at providing a framework to establish
causation in microbiome studies, with a particular focus
on demonstrating the health - promoting role of the commensal gut microbiota.
They suggest that the effects
on lysosomes are secondary to reduced Aβ accumulation, but I suspect the
causation may work
in the reverse direction, since they found that HBCD lowered cellular membrane cholesterol, and abnormally high lysosomal membrane cholesterol can impair the acidification and function of lysosomes, which are necessary for clearance of intracellular Aβ.
In a sweeping study
on the link between BMI
on mortality, the Bristol Medical School team aimed to prove that correlation doesn't mean
causation (for example, people who smoke tend to have lower BMIs, but that doesn't make them healthier).
Lastly, this may be the most important piece of information
on the page: The Unified Theory of Heart Disease, proposed by Linus Pauling and Mathias Rath suggests that subclinical vitamin C deficiency (scurvy), Lipoprotein small (a) and mechanical stress at key arterial sites (such as bifurcations) are the major players
in causation of heart disease.
A pioneer
in the field of applied medical anthropology, Sydney, along with his wife and co-author, Soma Grismaijer have written numerous groundbreaking books that provide new theories, research, and revelations
on disease
causation and prevention, including the internationally acclaimed book, Dressed To Kill: The Link Between Breast Cancer and Bras.
There's a lot of buzz
on the blogosphere that aluminum causes breast cancer because it's found
in breast tissues, but correlation does not mean
causation.
Effect of dietary fibre
on stools and transit - times, and its role
in the
causation of disease.
The crisis of
causation is of particular interest, as she is breaking new ground
in cultural studies
on a phenomenon that has become increasingly common
in mainstream film and television.
Added to the neuroscience research
on causation is additional scientific research conducted by education specialists
on variability
in patterns of dyslexia and the importance of individualizing interventions.
However, the two researchers acknowledged
in a 2007 Boston Globe story that while «students involved
in the arts do better
in school and
on their SATs than those who are not involved... correlation isn't
causation, and an analysis we did several years ago showed no evidence that arts training actually causes scores to rise.»
The problem with the best - practices approach is not entirely that it depends
on case studies, but that by avoiding variation
in the dependent variable it prevents any scientific identification of
causation.
Iv» e been reading Bsall postings and they all have a lot of passion for educating children which is what education is supposed to be about... My personal 2cents worth is this -
In social science there is very little that can meet the level of scientifically verifiable
causation and we therefor shouldn't be making decisions that impact childrens lives based
on faulty science.