So finding the relevant parts of those 10 or 20 binders» worth of electrons is relatively easier, certainly much easier than finding
them on the cellulosic version.
What we would like to see from Toyota and other car makers: More affordable very fuel - efficient and low - emission hybrids, plug - in hybrids, all cars flex fuel so that they can run
on cellulosic ethanol when it is available (the fuel sensors required for that are apparently only about $ 30 - no reason not to include them in all cars), diesel - hybrids with the latest emission technology (to run on biodiesel where available, of course) and, as soon as battery technology is ready, affordable electric - only vehicles.
But as for 2011, EPA is in wholesale retreat
on cellulosic ethanol.
How much progress have we made
on cellulosic ethanol?
The two - car factory effort continues campaigning
on cellulosic E85 as it enhances the Series» platform of alternative fuels.
From a product standpoint there will be a lot of interesting hardware in showrooms, including range - extending EVs, plug - in hybrids, clean diesels, pure electrics, and flex - fuel vehicles running
on cellulosic ethanol.
«Brazil's ETH, Denmark's Inbicon to partner
on cellulosic ethanol» is part of the paid WardsAuto Premium content.
In contrast, the spray -
on cellulosic foam to be developed by the WoTIM project will involve no health hazards, either during or after its installation.
A number of companies are currently working
on cellulosic technologies, and great strides have been made, but a gap remains between technology advances and full commercial deployment.
Previous studies
on cellulosic biofuels have focused on the engineering details of the supply chain.
This hinges, however,
on cellulosic biofuels» ability to become profitable.
Not exact matches
The U.S. government wants to help, and
on Thursday, announced loan guarantee commitments totaling $ 571 million for
cellulosic ethanol startup Coskata, waste - to - energy company Enerkem and Diamond Green Diesel, a joint venture from oil giant Valero and Darling International.
A study looks into giving farmers permission to harvest
cellulosic feedstocks
on land set aside for wetlands and wildlife conservation
Growing
cellulosic feedstocks
on federally subsidized conservation land could balance the biofuels emissions equation to be completely carbon - neutral, a study suggests.
There is certainly a case for re-doubling the scientific efforts to produce bio-fuels
on lands which do not compete with food crops, for example from
cellulosic ethanol, but this technology is still not ready for the market.
Chemists at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory are closing in
on cheap ways to make
cellulosic ethanol, a form of ethanol derived from agricultural waste rather than food crops like soybeans or corn.
This year's proposed
cellulosic target — based entirely
on the projected output of the three new
cellulosic plants — is 17 million gallons, far short of the 1 billion gallons per year that Congress envisioned the industry would be producing by now when it passed the Energy Independence and Security Act in in 2007.
But now that the technology is here,
cellulosic's promise as a climate change solution remains uncertain — hinging heavily
on embattled federal policy
on alternative fuel.
Cellulosic biofuel could reduce our reliance
on foreign petroleum without the problems associated with ethanol from corn — if we can figure out how to extract its energy economically
«We expect the outcome of this study to support scientifically sound national policy decisions
on bioenergy crops development especially with regards to
cellulosic grasses,» wrote Atul Jain, professor of atmospheric sciences at U of I, regarding a paper published by the journal Environmental Science & Technology.
They've demonstrated how to design and genetically engineer enzyme surfaces so they bind less to corn stalks and other
cellulosic biomass, reducing enzyme costs in biofuels production, according to a study published this month
on the cover of the journal ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering.
«The climate benefit of
cellulosic biofuels is actually much greater than was originally thought,» said Phil Robertson, University Distinguished Professor of Ecosystem Science at Michigan State University and lead author
on the study.
Those benefits, however, are complicated by the need for vast amounts of land to produce
cellulosic biofuels
on a large scale.
«One of the reasons for interest in these second - generation
cellulosic feedstocks is that if they can be grown
on low - quality soil, they wouldn't compete for land with food crops, such as corn.
Though the study has clear implications for
cellulosic, or second - generation, biofuel production in the Midwest, Hamilton says it touches more broadly
on some of the expected effects of climate change as well.
But the research suggests that even if researchers maximized the capacity to grow biofuels
on all marginal lands, «the amount of
cellulosic ethanol it could produce is only enough to provide 1.5 percent of U.S. transportation fuel by 2020.»
But to date, there is a minuscule amount of
cellulosic fuels
on the market.
Cellulose is difficult to break down and ferment, but several facilities in the United States are
on the verge of making commercial
cellulosic ethanol — for example, by using specialist enzymes to break down the long - chain cellulose molecules — and Brazil doesn't want to be left behind.
The plants, which include many grasses targeted for
cellulosic ethanol, can be harvested when needed and, given their hardiness, grow
on marginal land.
Posted
on 31 July 2009 in Biomass, Biomass - to - Liquids (BTL),
Cellulosic ethanol, Coal - to - Liquids (CTL), Electric (Battery), Fuel Cells, Hybrids, Hydrogen, Policy Permalink Comments (4)
Posted
on 18 December 2015 in Bio-hydrocarbons, Bio-hydrogen, Biomass, Biomass - to - Liquids (BTL), Biomethane,
Cellulosic ethanol, Fuels, LCFS Permalink Comments (11)
«Over the past nine years, we've successfully harnessed a diversity of scientists and disciplines to collaboratively address the challenges of enabling the
cellulosic biofuels enterprise
on a scale far greater than any effort to date,» Gilna says.
DOE's Bioenergy Research Centers support multidisciplinary, multi-institutional research teams pursuing the fundamental scientific breakthroughs needed to make production of
cellulosic biofuels, or biofuels from nonfood plant fiber, cost - effective
on a national scale.
Posted
on 07 July 2007 in Batteries, Canada,
Cellulosic ethanol, Emissions, Hybrids, Hydrogen Production, Transmissions Permalink Comments (9)
We've taken the approach that
cellulosic ethanol is an important step toward a greener future, not only in racing but in GM's gas - friendly to gas - free vehicles
on the highway.
In a rational world, they would all compete, along with nuclear, geothermal and
cellulosic ethanol,
on a level playing field and the winner would be the consumer, who would enjoy abundant, cheap energy.
On the other hand, the technology to produce
cellulosic biofuels is still in development and far from ready for prime time.
I saw your support for
cellulosic ethanol, but no statement
on the logic (or lack thereof) of the United States diverting some 40 percent of its corn crop to fuel while world grain prices soar.
Based
on the just released Low Carbon Fuel Standard prepared by the University of California for the Governor, «regular» gasoline as a value of 85 — 92 g CO2 eq / MJ, while natural gas has a value of ~ 80 g CO2 eq / MJ, electricity in California has an average value of 27 g CO2 eq / MJ (when used to drive an electric vehicle), and
cellulosic ethanol derived from municipal solid waste is ~ 5 g CO2 eq / MJ.
Karen Street wrote: «If we're going to address climate change, it's going to start with solutions experts agree
on (efficiency, low - GHG sources such as nuclear, carbon capture and storage, wind, geothermal,
cellulosic biofuels, and eventually solar)...»
If we're going to address climate change, it's going to start with solutions experts agree
on (efficiency, low - GHG sources such as nuclear, carbon capture and storage, wind, geothermal,
cellulosic biofuels, and eventually solar), and processes that experts agree
on (increasing the cost of GHG emissions, funding more R&D, mandates sometimes).
While ethanol, for example derived from corn but distilled in a facility powered by coal was, in fact,
on average worse, than gasoline, some of the envisioned
cellulosic - based biofuels could be dramatically better
on a g CO2 eq / MJ basis.
With competition for plant waste among
cellulosic ethanol plants, landscapers, and a range of other users, added to the fact that millions of cell phones are made each year, it could quickly become yet another burden
on the earth to be using so much compostable, good - for - the - soil plant matter for cell phone frames.
See «GM Banks
on Coskata's
Cellulosic Ethanol Breakthrough».
When reading about the potentials of
cellulosic ethanol, I find very few optimists who are not financially tied to the industry and the government support that the industry relies
on.
When I was working
on the Hill in ’06 and ’07 as we were considering updating and increasing the RFS, we had the ethanol lobbyists and businesses come in and sell us
on the corn ethanol RFS as a stepping stone towards
cellulosic ethanol.
Others have further elaborated
on the carbon implications of various forms of bioenergy, from corn ethanol to crop residue
cellulosic fuels to wood bioenergy.
Check out the rest of Robert Rapier's post for a back of the envelope calculation
on land use with
cellulosic ethanol production:
KiOR's biorefinery in Columbus, Mississippi started commercial production in March using wood chips to produce
cellulosic fuels, and Ineos just announced
on July 31 that their Indian River BioEnergy plant in Florida has begun operations to make biofuels from plant waste.
Clearly we do not produce enough corn and soybeans to achieve this goal, so the technology that is being counted
on is almost certainly
cellulosic ethanol.